Web3.0是如何运行的（第三章）（上）

——本文是Patrick Ejeke所著 “What is web3”第三章的上半部分的翻译。

— This is the translation of the first part of chapter III of Patrick Ejeke's “What is web3”.

Web3.0的目标是让互联网的搜索明显地更快、更简单，和更具有效率，甚至是可以让复杂的词汇也能以最快的速度运行。

The goal of Web3.0 is to make Internet searches clearly faster, simpler and more efficient, and even to allow complex terminology to operate at the fastest possible speed.

Web2.0一个用户必须使用网络应用的前端（指浏览器网页界面，或者app的的外观，译者注），前端连着后端（服务器，译者注），后端与数据库进行通信。全部代码托管在中心服务器上，并通过浏览器发送给用户们。

A web 2.0 user must use the front end of the web application (the browser web interface, or the app's appearance, interpreter's note), the front end is connected to the back end (server, interpreter's note), and the back end communicates with the database. All the codes are hosted on the central server and sent to the users via the browser.

Web3.0没有用于保存程序信息的中心化的数据库，也没有用于存放后端代码的中心化的网络服务器。相反，有一个区块链系统允许开发者在由网络上的匿名节点维护的去中心化状态机上建立应用程序。

Web3.0 does not have a centralized database to store program information, nor does it have a centralised network server to store backend code. On the contrary, there is a block chain system that allows developers to create applications on decentralised state machines maintained by anonymous nodes on the network.

你的应用程序的逻辑是由智能合约来确定的，智能合约由开发人员开发，并且部署在去中心化的状态机上。

The logic of your application is determined by a smart contract, which is developed by developers and deployed on decentralised state machines.

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（对上图作简要说明：1、两方签署合约，写成代码，然后部署到区块链。签署的各方是匿名，而合约内容则是公开的。2、触发事件，例如到期，价格满足条件等，合约即自动执行。3、监管方可以利用区块链来理解市场中的经济活动，同时又能保持参与各方的隐私。——译者注）

(Preliminary description of the above figure: One or two parties sign the contract, write the code, and then deploy to the block chain. The parties sign the contract anonymously, while the content of the contract is public. 2. The trigger event, e.g. maturity, price fulfilment, etc., automatically executes the contract. 3. Regulators can use the block chain to understand economic activity in the market while maintaining the privacy of the parties involved.

任何对开发区块链应用的人有兴趣的人都可以在通用状态机上运行他们的代码。前端代码与Web2.0几乎相同。

Anyone interested in developing a block chain application can run their code on a general state machine. The front end code is almost identical to Web 2.0.

以下是一个Web3.0应用如何运行的说明图：

The following is an illustration of how Web3.0 should be applied:

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Web3.0体系结构

Web3.0 architecture

Web3.0的体系结构包含4个要素：

The architecture of Web3.0 contains four elements:

• 以太坊区块链——这是由对等网络节点组成的全球状态机群。世界上的任何人都有权限访问这些状态机，并且写入内容。这些状态机由网络中的每个人共同拥有，而不是由任何一家公司拥有。用户可以添加新的数据到以太坊区块链，但是不能改变旧的数据。

  takes the chain of -- a global network of peer nodes. Anyone in the world has the right to access these state machines and write their content. These state machines are owned by everyone in the network, not by any single company. Users can add new data to the Ether block chain, but they cannot change old data.

• 智能合约——智能合约是运行在以太坊区块链之上的程序。App开发者用例如Solidity和Vyper这样的高级开发语言编写这些程序，以确定当状态变量变化时的程序逻辑。

  Smart contracts - Smart contracts are programs that run on the Etherm block chain. App developers prepare these programs in advanced development languages such as Solidity and Vyper to determine the logic of the process when a state variable changes.

• 以太坊虚拟机——这些虚拟机负责执行智能合约表示的业务逻辑。他们负责处理状态机上发生的状态变化。

  These virtual machines are responsible for the business logic expressed in smart contracts.

• 前端——前端，像其他程序一样，定义了UI界面逻辑。不同之处在于，它与表述业务逻辑的智能合约通信。

  Front-front, like any other program, defines the UI interface logic. The difference is that it communicates with the smart contract that expresses the business logic.

DApps——跨入Web3.0的大门

Dapps - Enter the Web 3.0 gate

我们将继续使用同样的浏览器和互联网。而在它们的内部，会进行重大的更改。使用的新技术需要时间来开发，而一旦开发成功，将有大量的新机会可用于探索（至少在技术上）。普通用户的学习曲线会变得更短。

We will continue to use the same browsers and the Internet. Within them, there will be major changes. The new technologies used will take time to develop, and once they are developed, there will be plenty of new opportunities to explore (at least technically). The learning curves for ordinary users will be shorter.

为了对未来做好准备，组织应当从根本上改变他们的技术组成，加入区块链和其他相关的技术，例如人工智能，大数据，等等。

In order to prepare for the future, organizations should fundamentally change their technical composition by joining block chains and other relevant technologies, such as artificial intelligence, big data, etc.

在这种情况下，我们将主要使用去中心化的app（dApps)。

In this case, we will mainly use decentralised apps.

在提交之前，每个网络（Web3.0）交易将被签名和验证。这将使互联网更加安全。用户在使用这个新互联网的时候也会感到安全。我们会使用各种使用了新技术的各种新的应用程序。

Before submission, each web transaction (Web3.0) will be signed and validated. This will make the Internet more secure. Users will feel safe when using the new Internet.

Web3.0的真实世界案例

The Real World Case of Web3.0

Web3.0已经在不同的领域得到了使用，例如虚拟助手，教育，社交网络，消息传递，交易服务，浏览，等等。

Web3.0 has been used in different areas, such as virtual assistants, education, social networking, messaging, trade services, browsing, etc.

举个例子，如果你在工作的时候，想知道家里有多少食品杂货，你通过连接你家里的智能小工具，让你的数字助手去分析一下家里冰箱里面到底有什么。

For example, if you're working and you want to know how many groceries you have at home, you can get your digital assistant to analyze what's in the fridge.

此外，你还可以在家里使用无处不在的联网小工具来协调你的度假计划、商务旅行、周末聚会、家政服务，甚至确保你的家庭安全。

In addition, you can use ubiquitous networking tools at home to coordinate your vacation plans, business trips, weekends, domestic service and even to ensure the safety of your family.

虚拟助手量身定制的建议将指导你规划理想的周末，从订购打折机票到发现迷人的新景点，再到预订住宿。

The virtual assistant's tailor-made advice will guide you in planning for the desired weekend, from ordering discount tickets to discovering attractive new attractions to booking accommodations.

Web3.0应用程序的例子

Examples of Web3.0 applications

下面介绍一些有名的web3.0应用apps来说明他们的应用广泛性：

The following are some of the famous web3.0 applications to illustrate their broad application:

Siri，苹果的个人助理

Siri, Apple's personal assistant

Siri是语音识别软件作为Web3.0关键组件的一个优秀例子。Siri和其他个人助理使用这个技术进行交互、交换信息（通过连接的区块），并为用户提供每一个相关查询的更有用的搜索结果，包括如何，为什么以及是什么。此前，Siri只能使用预先编写好的算法做一些基本的任务，例如事件提醒和去最近杂货店的方向。

Siri is an excellent example of voice recognition software as a key Web3.0 component. Siri and other personal assistants use this technology to interact, exchange information (by connecting blocks) and provide users with more useful search results for each relevant query, including how, why, and what.

Wolfram Alpha

Wolfram Alpha是一个现在使用Web3.0的智能计算平台。这个软件可以在类似数学、营养和科学等领域计算用户的响应。它可以即时与其他应用从他们的数据库中交互数据，再为终端用户将结果进行简化。结果，和Web2.0相比，现在它运行地更快，计算的结果更为准确。Siri经常从Wolfram Alpha那里得到帮助。

Wolfram Alpha is a smart computing platform that now uses Web3.0. This software can calculate user responses in fields similar to mathematics, nutrition and science. It can immediately interact with other applications from their databases and simplify results for end-users. As a result, it now functions faster and calculates more accurately than Web 2.0. Siri often receives help from Wolfram Alpha.

Steemit

Steemit是一个Web3.0社交网络平台的优秀案例。这是一个完全基于Steem区块链的社交媒体范式的去中心奖励网络。它用加密货币奖励内容作家和博客主，作为他们对平台的贡献。这就是Web3.0发挥作用的地方，因为它允许平台在安全的环境中用加密货币奖励贡献者。

Steemit is an excellent example of a Web 3.0 social networking platform. It is a network of social media models based entirely on the Steem block chain. It rewards content writers and bloggers as their contributions to the platform with encrypted currency. This is where Web3.0 works, as it allows the platform to reward contributors with encrypted currency in a secure environment.

Sola

Sola是另一个Web3.0社交网络网站的案例。这是一个由分布式节点，IPFS（分布式存储网络，译者注）和以太坊区块链支持的去中心社交网络。

Sola is another example of a Web 3.0 social networking site. This is a distributed node, an IPFS (distributed storage network, interpreter's note) and a go-to-centre social network supported by the Taiwan block chain.

Sola和Steemit不同，使用区块链AI来创建社交网络和媒体的混合体。它奖励和激励所有参与方，包括用户，第三方开发者，以及病毒式传播的内容的核心团队。

Sola, unlike Steemmit, uses block chain AI to create a mix of social networks and media. It rewards and motivates all participants, including users, third-party developers, and core teams of virally transmitted content.

网站用AI算法，只选择优秀的算法来进行激励，而不是仅仅依靠人的反应来传播帖子。此外，Sola用自己的虚拟货币（称为Action Point）奖励用户，用户可以将其用于自己的内容和支持其他用户的内容。

The website uses AI algorithms, which provide incentives by choosing only excellent algorithms, rather than simply relying on human reactions to disseminate posts. In addition, Sola uses its own virtual currency, called Action Point, to reward users, who can use it for their own content and to support the content of other users.

IDEX

IDEX是一个与Web3.0兼容的，很有名的，交易ERC-20代币的去中心化交易所。因为IDEX是一个基于以太坊的交易所，所以用户必须有一个以太坊钱包用来在它的网站进行交易。他们也需要使用METAMASK（一个与以太坊交互的加密货币钱包）来充分利用IDEX。

IDEX is a decentralized exchange compatible with Web3.0 that trades ERC-20 tokens. Because IDEX is an Ether-based exchange, users must have an Ethermin wallet to trade on its website. They also need to make full use of IDEX using METAMSK, an encrypted currency wallet that interacts with Ether.

e-Chat

e-Chat是一个去中心的区块链驱动的Web3.0应用。它主要是一个安全的消息发送器，但也是一个迅速成长的社交网络。用户能够从分享数据中获利，而不用担心数据被盗窃。结果，它经常被用来发送加密货币。用户可以在App商店或者谷歌Play Market下载e-Chat。

e-Chat is a Web3.0 application driven by a block chain going to the center. It is primarily a secure sender of messages, but it is also a rapidly growing social network. Users can profit from sharing data without fear of theft. As a result, it is often used to send encrypted money. Users can download e-Chat at App store or Google Play Market.

Storj

去中心存储是Web3的一个核心特征，Storj充分利用了这一点。它是最早的也是应用最广泛的去中心存储系统，由区块链技术驱动，允许用户出租他们的闲置硬盘空间。

Going to the center storage is a core feature of Web3, which Stotj takes advantage of. It is the oldest and most widely applied go centre storage system, driven by block chain technology, allowing users to rent their idle hard disk space.

Storj以它自已原生的代币作为这个网络的支付手段。用户在该主页上通过出租闲暇硬盘空间的大小来获取租赁方支付的资金。这个平台也是使用区块链来处理交易。

Storj uses its own money as a means of payment for the network. Users use the size of the free hard disk space on the home page to obtain funds paid by the lessor.

Everledger

Everledger是一个Web3.0保险和银行业务的案例。这种分布式的数字全球注册表旨在使用户能够以数字方式存储数据，并随时随地访问数据，同时又能确保数据安全。Everledger可以保护数据，并降低用户、银行、开放市场和保险公司的欺诈风险，因为Web3.0包含数据加密功能。

Everledger is a case of Web3.0 insurance and banking. This distributed digital global register is designed to enable users to store data digitally and access data whenever and wherever they want, while ensuring data security. Everledger can protect data and reduce the risk of fraud on the part of users, banks, open markets, and insurance companies, as Web3.0 contains data encryption functions.

LBRY

LBRY是一个包含很多类型的内容的Web3.0的视频和音乐网站，包括电子书、音乐和视频。这个去中心的数字图书馆发布内容并通过其内嵌的支付系统将其货币化，该系统由区块链技术提供支持。

LBRY is a web 3.0 video and music site with many types of content, including e-books, music, and video. This digital library goes to the centre to publish content and monetizes it through its embedded payment system, which is supported by block chain technology.

Ethlance

Ethlance是一个运行在Web3.0之上的远程招聘平台。这个去中心化的程序在以太坊区块链上运行，允许任何人招聘以及以以太币作为工作的回报，这在以前是不可行。

Ethlance is a remote recruitment platform that runs on Web3.0. This decentralised program operates on the Tetsu block chain, allowing anyone to recruit and pay for their work in talisman, which was not feasible before.

更多的DApp细节在后面会有介绍。

More Dapp details will follow.

Web3如何进行身份验证

Web3 how to authenticate

Web3的身份验证功能将和现在有较大不同。大多数时候，Web3应用程序的身份验证是通过链接到使用应用程序的那个人的钱包地址来完成的。

The web3 authentication function will differ considerably from what it is now. Most of the time, the Web3 application is authenticated by linking it to the wallet address of the person using the application.

和Web2 例如身份验证或者邮箱+密码（这几乎要求用户提供敏感个人信息）的验证技术不同，钱包地址是匿名的，除非用户选择将自己的身份信息附加其上而公开身份。

Unlike Web2, for example, identification or mailbox + password (which almost requires users to provide sensitive personal information), wallet addresses are anonymous unless users choose to attach their identity information to their top and public identity.

如果用户用同样的钱包（地址）去使用几个dapp，那么他们的身份将毫不费力地在app之间传送，随着时间的推移，就可以就可以建立起他们的声誉。

If users use several dapps with the same wallet (address), their identities will be transmitted between apps at no cost and their reputations can be built over time.

类似Ceramic（一个通过web3和区块链技术构建的去中心化的、可跨链的、能管理动态内容的数据库服务）和IDX（Index chain，专为隐私而设计的区块链）这样的协议和技术现在能够使开发者将身份自主权纳入他们的应用，以替换标准的验证和身份层。以太坊基金会也有一个活跃的用“以太坊登录”的标准的身份验证（RFP），这将有助于在未来提供一种更为简化的和文件记载的方法来实现。这也是一个很棒的关于如何改进典型的身份验证过程的思路。

Agreements and technologies such as Ceramic (a decentralised, multi-chainable database service built through web3 and block chain technology that manages dynamic content) and IDX (Index chain, customized for privacy) can now enable developers to incorporate identity autonomy into their applications to replace standard authentication and identification layers. The Taiku Foundation also has an active identification (RFP) standard using “Team login”, which will help to achieve a more streamlined and documented approach in the future. This is also a good idea for improving the typical identification process.

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