中亿财经网8月24日讯，以太坊，英文全称Ethereum，简称ETH。以太坊在经历了2016年的DAO硬分叉之后分成了现在的以太坊(Ethereum，ETH)和以太经典(Ethereum Class，ETC)两个分支链。本文主要讲述的是以太坊ETH。
Etherium is now divided into two branches: Etherium, ETH, and Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium, Etherium.
什么是以太坊ETH
What's Ether?
以太坊ETH是一个开源的、公共的，以区块链技术为基础的分布式计算平台，采用智能合约(脚本)功能。它提供了一个分散的完整图灵虚拟机，即Ethereum虚拟机(EVM)。用户可以使用国际公共节点网络执行脚本。
Etherium ETH is an open-source, public, distributed computing platform based on block chain technology, using smart contract (script) functions. It provides a fragmented, complete Turing virtual machine, the Etheium Virtual Machine (EVM). Users can execute scripts using an international network of public nodes.
以太坊ETH提供了一个名为“ether”的代币，用于补偿奖励以太坊矿工对于区块链主链做出的计算和维护区块链的贡献。Gas是以太坊内部的交易定价机制，并用于防止垃圾邮件和在网络上分配资源。
Etheria ETH provides a token called “theor” to compensate for the contribution made by the miner in calculating and maintaining the block chain for the bulk of the block chain. Gas is a trading pricing mechanism within the community and is used to prevent spam and allocate resources on the web.
以太坊Ethereum在2013年底由Vitalik Buterin提出。Vitalik是一位加密货币研究员和程序开发员。
At the end of 2013, Ethereum was presented by Vitalik Buterin. Vitalik is an encoded money researcher and program developer.
与以太经典(ETC)不同的是，DAO硬分叉后ETH获得了以太坊基金会的承认和资助。虽然ETC以意识形态为由拒绝了争议，并吸引了更广泛的加密社区人士的关注，但是最终没有得到研发者协会、商业伙伴和矿工的普遍认同。
Unlike the ETC, after the Dao hard splits, ETH received recognition and funding from the Taiwan Foundation. Although ETC rejected the controversy on ideological grounds and attracted the attention of the wider encryption community, it ultimately did not enjoy the general approval of R & D associations, business partners, and miners.
以太坊ETH在2014年7-8月获得在线用户的预售资助得以进一步发展。该系统于2015年7月30日上线。发展至今已成为市值排行世界第二的区块链资产。
The system was launched on 30 July 2015. Developments have now become the second most market-marketed block chain asset in the world.
Ethereum虚拟机
Etheeum Virtual Machine
Ethereum虚拟机(EVM)是Ethereum智能合约的运行时环境。EVM的正式定义在Gavin Wood的“Ethereum艾瑟琳黄皮书”中有所规定。它是沙箱，并且还完全依赖网络，与文件系统或主机系统的其他进程隔离。网络中的每个以太坊节点运行EVM实现并执行相同的指令。Ethereum虚拟机已在C ++，Go，Haskell，Java，Python，Ruby，Rust和WebAssembly(目前正在开发中)中实现。
The Etherium Virtual Machine (EVM) is the operating time environment for Etherium's smart contracts. The official definition of EVM is set in Gavin Wood's Etherium Yellow Book. It is a sandbox and relies entirely on the network, isolated from other processes in the document system or host system. Each of the networks runs the EVM to achieve and execute the same instructions. The Etherium Virtual Machine has been implemented in C ++, Go, Haskell, Java, Python, Ruby, Rust and WebAsssembly (currently under development).
以太坊编程语言
Etheria programming language
智能合约是高级编程中的抽象概念，它被编译成EVM 字节码，并部署到以太坊区块链以执行。他们可以写在密实度相似的语言库，例如?和JavaScript，Serpent(类似Python)，LLL(一个低级别 的Lisp般的语言)，与Mutan(以Go为基础，但不建议使用)。还有一个研究型语言被称为Viper(一种强类型的 Python派生的可判定语言)。
Smart contracts are abstract concepts in advanced programming, which are translated into EVM byte codes and deployed to be carried out in the Taiku block chain. They can be written in language libraries similar to the exact level, e.g., and JavaScript, Serpent (like Python), LLL (a low-level Lisp-like language), and Mutan (based on Go, but not recommended for use). There is also a research language called Viper (a powerful type of Python derivative).
以太坊相关技术参数
Ether-related technical parameters
根据所有各方对2014年以太坊预售款达成的条款，Ethereum的发行每年上限为1800万个(这个数字等于初始供应量的25%)。这意味着以太坊的绝对发行是固定的，相对通货膨胀每年都会下降。
According to the terms agreed upon by all parties for sales in 2014 on a pre-sale basis, Etheeum has an annual ceiling of 18 million (a figure equal to 25 per cent of the initial supply). This means that absolute distribution in the Taiku is fixed, with relative inflation declining every year.
理论上说如果这个Ethereum发行是无限期的，那么在某种程度上，每年创造的新代币的速度将达到每年平均损失的比例，并达到平衡。
Theoretically, if this Etherum is issued indefinitely, then to some extent the rate of annual creation of the new currency will be as high as the average annual loss and evenly balanced.
但预计这一利率不会一直保持不变：2017年，以太坊(ETH)将从“工作证明”转为正在开发的新共识协议算法，称为“ 卡斯帕(Casper)”，预计效率更高，仅需要较少的采矿补贴。确切的发行方式及其功能是积极研究的一个领域，但现在可以保证的是：
However, this interest rate is not expected to remain constant: in 2017, the shift from a “work certificate” to a new consensus agreement algorithm being developed, called “Casper”, is expected to be more efficient and require only less mining subsidies. The exact manner of distribution and its functionality is an area of active research, but it can now be ensured that:
(1)目前以太坊(ETH)的最大值被认为是最高限额，而且下发的新发行不会超过这一限额。
(1) The maximum value at present is considered to be the ceiling and the new issuances will not exceed this limit.
(2)无论最终选择哪种方式发布，Ethereum都将是一种分散的智能合约，不会对任何特定群体给予优惠待遇，其目的是为了使网络的整体健康和安全受益。
(2) Whatever form of publication is eventually chosen, Etherum will be a decentralized intellectual contract that does not give preferential treatment to any particular group of people, with the aim of benefiting the overall health and safety of the network.
以太坊在2014年为预付款的贡献者创造了6000万个Ethereum。其中20%的预付款(1200万美元)作为以太坊的发展基金，剩下的则归入Ethereum基金会。每个以太坊区块大约15-17秒生产一个，每个区块向矿工奖励5个ETH。
In 2014, 60 million Etheeum were created by those who contributed to the Etherium advance. Of this, 20% of the advance ($12 million) was used as the Etherium development fund, and the rest was added to the Etheum Foundation. One in each Etherium block is produced in about 15-17 seconds, each block is rewarded to the miners by five ETHs.
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