国际在线互联网金融频道报道（记者 许炀 实习生 徐蓝）：近年来，比特币由于价格的剧烈波动在全球范围内吸引了大量的投资者，而区块链作为其核心技术也被众多央行和金融机构所研究，未来有希望广泛应用于人们的生活中。然而自比特币诞生之日起，安全问题就一直困扰着投资者。比特币在国内外大大小小十几个平台都遭遇过账户被盗的情况，黑客入侵、监守自盗等导致的交易平台破产和投资者利益受损令越来越多的投资者失去信心。今年8月，香港比特币交易平台Bitfinex的被盗事件使投资者的目光再一次聚焦到了安全问题上。
In recent years, Bitcoin has attracted a large number of investors worldwide because of price volatility, and its core technology has been studied by a number of central banks and financial institutions, and there is hope that it will be widely applied in people’s lives. But security concerns have plagued investors since Bitcoin’s birth.
大平台被盗损失惨重 赔偿方式令市场哗然
The theft and loss of the main platform... the way in which the market is compensated...........................................................................................................
2014年2月24日，当时世界上最大的比特币交易所运营商Mt.Gox 宣布其交易平台的85万个比特币被盗一空，随后火速下线并申请破产保护。该公司的用户至今仍在等待其返还尚未被盗的少量比特币。
On 24 February 2014, Mt. Gox, the then world's largest Bitcoin exchange operator, announced that 850,000 bitcoins of its trading platform had been stolen, and then went off at a speed and applied for bankruptcy protection. Users of the company are still awaiting their return of a small amount of bitcoins that have not been stolen.
2016年8月3日凌晨，最大的美元比特币交易平台Bitfinex官网挂出公告，由于网站出现安全漏洞，导致用户持有的比特币被盗，被盗的比特币共119756枚，总价值约为6500万美元。随后该公司决定由所有用户共同分担损失以避免其破产，并提出用户可以获得一些代币，以便在日后兑换成Bitfinex母公司的股票，分享该公司未来的利润。对于平台提出的解决方案，有投资者表示并不买单，甚至可能对其发起法律诉讼。因为对于投资者来说，不仅需要承担比特币自身价格的下跌，还要替平台负担损失，不仅失去了多年积累的收益，也伤及了本金，甚至还需要承担平台再次被盗的风险。而平台所提供的代币也是基于未来公司的发展才能得到兑付，具有较大风险性。
In the early hours of 3 August 2016, the biggest United States dollar-based Bitfinex trading platform, the Bitfinex official network, posted an announcement that, because of a security gap on the site, users had stolen bitcoins, totalling 11756 bitcoins, with a total value of some $65 million. The company then decided to share the losses among all users in order to avoid their bankruptcy, and suggested that the users would be able to obtain some money in exchange for later shares in Bitfinex’s parent company’s future profits. For the platform’s solution, investors indicated that they would not pay the bills or even initiate legal proceedings against them.
经过两次大型的被盗事件，投资者逐渐意识到比特币并不如一直以来宣传的那么安全，被盗的风险是时刻存在的，一旦发生则损失惨重。
After two large-scale thefts, investors have come to realize that Bitcoin is not as safe as it has always been, and that the risk of theft exists at all times and that, if it occurs, the damage will be severe.
价格暴跌反映投资者信心缺失 区块链技术并非完美无缺
The sharp fall in prices reflects the lack of investor confidence and the fact that block chain technology is not perfect.
大量的比特币被盗不仅对平台及其用户造成了损失，比特币价格也会呈现断崖式下跌。Mt.Gox被盗当天比特币价格暴跌25%，十天跌幅高达50%。香港平台被盗造成比特币价格两日内跌幅超过25%，当天开盘价4003点，最低点为3005点，被盗引发全球投资者疯狂的抛售比特币。历史数据和近期的比特币价格都表明投资者的消极情绪在安全问题得到解决之前很难转变。
The theft of the Hong Kong platform resulted in a fall of more than 25% in bitcoin in two days, the opening price of 4003 points that day, at a low of 3005 points, triggering the frenzy of global investors to sell bitcoins. Historical data and recent bitcoin prices suggest that investors’ negative sentiment is difficult to change until security concerns are resolved.
在曝出平台被盗、比特币价格暴跌之后，随着调查的不断进行原因逐渐浮出水面。例如2015年，Mt.Gox被日媒曝出所谓的比特币被盗其实是监守自盗。650000个“被偷窃”的比特币中，实际上因外部盗窃失踪的仅为7000个。而包括比特币存钱罐和ShapeShift在内的平台被盗事件也被曝出涉及内部人士，监守自盗的发生映射了比特币在各个国家监管政策的缺失与漏洞。而更多的平台，例如Bitfinex、比特儿等等则是黑客利用代码漏洞和平台单纯采取热存储的措施进行入侵。这一点则反映了区块链技术也存在漏洞，并非是完美无缺的。
For example, in 2015, Mt. Gox was exposed by the Japanese medium to so-called bitcoin theft, which was in fact self-inflicted. 650,000 “ stolen & & rdquo; and in bitcoin, only 7,000 were actually missing as a result of external theft. And the theft of platforms, including bitcoin canisters and ShapeShift, was also exposed to in-housers, and the monitoring of self-inflicted bitcoins revealed the gaps and loopholes in national regulatory policies.
比特币网络自身的安全性、用户使用的安全性、交易所平台的安全性都会对比特币的安全性造成影响。从网络自身来说，相关研究人士曾指出，虽然区块链网络对传输、存储中的数据进行了强加密措施，但是这些加密数据是可以随意解码和解密的。未来随着量子通信的发展，任何指数级的强加密措施都无法永久对抗量子计算技术的超级解密能力，因此，区块链网络中的加密数据也是可以破解的，可能导致发生链上交易诈骗、凭据失窃、密钥窃取、资产盗窃等现象。OKCoin创始人兼CEO徐明星指出，“比特币网络目前没有设计客户身份认证，比特币钱包地址是匿名的，而且比特币在用户端的安全是基于私钥（密码）的，一旦比特币或私钥丢失，平台无法追回。”而对于交易所的安全性，火币网联合创始人杜均对国际在线记者表示，由于比特币依赖信息系统作为载体，所以所有对于信息系统构成威胁的因素也会影响比特币的资产安全，包括网络渗透、社会工程学攻击、自然灾害等。交易所是一个中心化的网络平台，用户在交易所的信息、资产都是中心化管理，因而所有会影响到信息系统的因素也会影响到比特币交易所。目前比特币交易所比较通用的做法是冷热钱包分离，国内较大的比特币交易所火币网和OKCoin都是采取此种储存方式。
The security of the Bitcoin network itself, the security of its users, and the security of the exchange platform will have an impact on the security of the currency. From the network itself, researchers have pointed out that, while the network of blocks has taken strong encryption measures for the transmission and storage of data, these encryption data can be decoded and declassified at will. With the development of volume communications, any index-level, strong encryption measures will not be able to permanently counter the superdeclassification of quantum computing technology, so that encrypted data in the network of blocks can also be decoded, leading to transaction fraud on the chain, theft of evidence, theft of keys, theft of assets, etc. The founder of the OkCoin network and the CEO star have pointed out that & & & ldquao; the Bitco network currently has no customer identification, the Bitconet address is anonymous, and Bitcot's security at the end of the user side is based on the private key (code), and that the platform will not be recovered; and, with regard to the safety of the exchange network, the company's-to-sto-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-t-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-to-
银行看好区块链技术 各国积极开发数字化货币
banks take good care of block chain technology and countries are actively developing digital money .
尽管比特币近几年频繁的出现安全问题，但其核心技术区块链却受到了各国央行和商业银行的青睐。多国政府部门包括美国政府、中国人民银行、印度储备银行、荷兰央行等均在正密切关注区块链技术发展或者已经进行研究并积极探索区块链全面应用。
Despite the security problems that Bitcoin has experienced frequently in recent years, its core technical block chain has been favoured by central banks and commercial banks. Multi-national government departments, including the US government, the People’s Bank of China, the Reserve Bank of India, the Netherlands Central Bank, etc., are closely following the technological development of the block chain or have conducted research and actively explored its full application.
近日，全球最大的四家银行（瑞银、德意志银行、桑坦德银行和纽约梅隆银行）已经开始合作研发一种新型数字货币，将成为清算和结算金融交易的行业标准。银行希望利用分散化的计算机网络的威力帮助银行简化交易清算流程，提高效率。除此以外，2015年起，在伦敦成立的Setl计划通过与央行直连的电子货币来清算金融市场上的所有交易，花旗银行成立类似的"花旗币"项目，高盛为其"SETLcoin"技术申请专利，而摩根大通也在进行类似地开发。
Recently, four of the world’s largest banks (Swiss Bank, Deutsche Bank, Santander Bank, and Melon Bank, New York) have begun to cooperate in the development of a new digital currency that will become an industry standard for clearing and clearing financial transactions. Banks want to use the power of a decentralized computer network to help them simplify the process of clearing transactions and improve efficiency. In addition, Setl, set up in London in 2015, plans to settle all transactions in financial markets by means of electronic currency directly linked to central banks, with Citibank set up a similar quat; Citibank quat; Project, with Goldman Sachs as quat; SetLcoin&quat; Technology patenting, and Morgan Chase is also developing similar developments.
比特币的区块链技术在国际金融市场上已经形成了一种新型的潮流，虽然并不是世界上每一个国家都承认比特币的货币地位或者商品地位，但各国的央行和商业银行却对其核心技术颇感兴趣，希望借此开发出独具特色的数字化货币，提高效率，降低成本。比特币的货币地位已经不再被人们关注，各国的央行更倾向于开发一种新型的中心化数字化货币，同样应用区块链技术但摒弃比特币去中心化的核心。
Bitcoin’s block-chain technology has created a new trend in the international financial market, and while not every country in the world recognizes Bitcoin’s monetary or commodity status, central banks and commercial banks are interested in its core technology, hoping to develop a unique digital currency, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. Bitcoin’s monetary position is no longer a matter of interest, and central banks are more inclined to develop a new, centralized, digital currency, applying the same block-chain technology but abandoning the centralization of bitcoin.
纸币的衰亡 数字化货币的崛起
数字化货币代替纸币早已不再是一个新的议题，丹麦和瑞典正在减少现金的使用，因为研究表明减少现金的使用将会有效的降低犯罪，而瑞典在2014年就提出计划成为全世界第一无现金国家。越来越多的瑞典人正在加入使用信用卡和移动支付的行列，新型的P2P支付系统和手机支付系统已经彻底改变人们使用资金的方法，这股新浪潮中也包括了比特币。一旦各国央行完成本国数字化货币的开发，人们很有可能减少或彻底摒弃纸币这种高成本、低效率的货币流通方式。 Digital currency in lieu of banknotes is no longer a new issue, and Denmark and Sweden are reducing the use of cash because studies show that reducing the use of cash will effectively reduce crime, while Sweden proposed a plan in 2014 to become the world’s first cash-free country. A growing number of Swedes are joining in the use of credit cards and mobile payments, and the new P2P payment system and mobile phone payment systems have radically changed the way people use money, including Bitcoins. 比特币未来或将成为各国央行开发本国数字化货币的一个很好的范本，将其核心技术应用于金融业甚至是主权数字货币的研发中。可以预见，数字化货币代替纸币在未来的某一天终会到来，而这项颠覆性革命已经展开。 Bitcoin will in the future or will become a good model for central banks to develop their own digitized currencies, applying its core technology to finance and even to sovereign digital currency research and development. It can be expected that digital currency will come in place of banknotes one day, and this subversive revolution is already under way.
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