挖矿”可以说是一个极富场景感的词汇，好像是一群人在淘金的样子。在很多人的印象里，矿机是用来挖矿的。那么矿机又是如何挖掘比特币的呢？在挖矿之前，一定要先搞懂以下几点矿机知识！

Digging is a very rich term, like a group of people digging for gold. In the impression of many people, mining machines are used to dig for mining. So how does a mine machine dig for bitcoin? Before digging for a mine, it is important to know a few things about a mine machine.

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什么是矿机

What's a miner?

矿机，顾名思义，用于挖掘（生产）加密货币的机器。广义的说，矿机可以是一切可以运行挖矿程序的机器，比如专业矿机、家用电脑、智能手机、服务器、智能路由器、智能手表、智能电视机等等。

Miners, by definition, are machines used to excavate (manufacturing) encrypted money. Broadly speaking, a miner can be anything that can run a mining process, such as a specialized miner, a home computer, a smart phone, a server, a smart router, a smart watch, a smart TV, etc.

狭义的说，矿机指的是专业挖矿设备，比如ASIC矿机、显卡矿机，以及一些币种的专属矿机（PFS矿机）等。

In the narrow sense, mining machines refer to specialized mining equipment, such as ASIC machines, card machines and some currency exclusive mining machines (PFS machines).

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矿机是如何挖掘比特币的

How did the miner dig up bitcoin?

要回答这个问题，就要从比特币的共识机制——工作量证明（PoW）说起。

To answer that question, it would have to start with the consensus mechanism of Bitcoin — PoW.

在比特币的系统，记录交易生产区块是最重要的工作，为了鼓励大家都来参与交易账本的记录，中本聪设计出了奖励机制，用比特币作为奖励。

In the Bitcoin system, recording trading production blocks is the most important task, and in order to encourage everyone to participate in the records of the transaction books, Central Hsing designed an incentive mechanism, using Bitcoin as an incentive.

但是记账这个工作可不是那么简单，因为基于比特币去中心化的思想，每个节点每个矿工都参与记账，而且必须保证所有人记录的账本都是相同的。

But the task of bookkeeping is not so simple, because, based on the idea of centralizing bitcoin, every miner is involved in bookkeeping at every node and must ensure that the books recorded by everyone are the same.

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矿工在收集交易信息并记录的时候，每个矿工记录的内容并不完全相同，特别是第一条，矿工记的肯定是把挖矿的奖励给自己。但是每产生一个区块链只有一次奖励，这个奖励给谁？这就需要立一个规矩，并且是大家都认可的规矩，也就是工作量证明PoW机制。

Miners do not record exactly the same content when collecting transactional information and recording it, especially the first one, where miners must give themselves an incentive to dig. But for every block chain they produce, who does it? This requires a rule, and one that everyone agrees with, that is, a workload proof of the PoW mechanism.

比特币系统会让大家求解一个数学题（计算hash值），谁最先求解出来，那么他所记录的区块就会被认同，奖励就归他所有。而比求解速度就要看谁的电脑性能更高。

The bitcoin system will allow you to solve a mathematical question (calculating the hash), and whoever first tries to solve it, then the blocks he records will be recognized and the reward will be his. And the speed of the solution will depend on whose computer performance is higher.

正是如此，所以现在每个人都在增强自己的电脑、挖矿机的运算性能，提高解题速度，谁的速度（算力）最高，挖到矿的几率就越高，赚到的钱也就越多。

That is why everyone is now increasing their computer, miner's computing performance, increasing the speed of problem resolution, who has the highest speed, the more likely they are to dig into a mine, and the more money they earn.

用个形象的比喻，工作量证明机制与拔河比赛很类似，哪一方的力量大（算力高）哪一方就能拉赢对方。而且拔河的绳子两边，并不在意你是胖子还是瘦子，人数有多少，于是为了得到奖励，可以很多人聚集为一伙，最后得奖了根据每个人出力多少来瓜分奖励。 而这在比特币挖矿里，召集好多人一起挖矿，就是“矿池”的概念。

By way of illustration, the workload proves that the mechanism is very similar to the tug of war, and which side is powerful enough to win. And, on both sides of the tug of war, it doesn’t matter whether you are fat or skinny, how many.

综上所言，比特币矿机挖矿，实际上就是用机器去参加一场数学比赛，谁先计算出来答案，谁就会获得比特币奖励。

To sum up, a bitcoin miner actually uses a machine to participate in a math competition, and whoever calculates the answer first gets a bitcoin reward.

什么是矿池

What's a pond?

矿池可以看成是由很多矿工组成的联盟，或者说帮派。由于比特币等加密货币的全网算力相当巨大，单个矿工（矿场）所掌握的算力在整个网络中微不足道，单兵作战的挖矿收益几乎为0。为了解决这个问题，很多矿工把算力集中在一起，组成一个庞大的算力组织，挖矿所得的收益再根据每个矿工贡献的算力占比，进行分配，形成一个利益共同体，这就是矿池。

In order to solve this problem, many miners pool their value together, form a large arithmetic organization, and the proceeds of mining are distributed in proportion to the value of each miner's contribution, and form a community of interests, that is, a pool of interests.

什么矿工费

What miner's fee?

答：交易费（矿工费）就是指在加密货币交易中，需要支付的手续费。加密货币转账由矿工打包完成，交易费是支付给他们的劳动报酬。交易费的多少通常是动态变化，因为矿工会优先处理费用给的高的用户的交易。所以在网络拥堵时，热门为了提高转账速度，会增加交易费，这是为什么矿工费提高往往是由于网络拥堵有关联的原因。

Answer: Transaction fees (miners’ fees) refer to the charges to be paid in the case of encrypted currency transactions. Encrypted money transfers are packed by miners, and transaction fees are paid for their labour. The amount of transaction fees is usually dynamic, as mining unions give priority to dealing with high-cost users.

什么是云矿机与矿机托管

What's a cloud machine and a miner hosting?

云挖矿（Cloud miner ），或者称之为云矿机，是近几年新兴的挖矿方式，是一种远程挖矿方法。

Cloud mine, or cloud miner, is an emerging method of mining in recent years and a long-range method of mining.

自己购买矿机、布置厂房、支付巨额电费不仅资金投入巨大，也伴随着很高的风险。因为有需求，所以有企业提供了云挖矿服务。

Buying mine machines, setting up plants and paying huge electricity bills are not only huge investments but also high risks. There are companies that provide cloud mining services because of demand.

云挖矿是相对于本地挖矿而言的，可以类比云存储与本地存储之间的关系。简单的说就是把本地转移到了远程线上，可以算是一种分享经济模式。云挖矿服务提供商，提供矿机、网络、运行维护等服务，而用户则只需要支付一定的租用、托管服务费用，决定挖什么数字货币的矿，然后等着收钱就可以了。至于买机器、维护等繁琐的过程则完全不用操心，而且投资额度可以不用那么庞大。

Cloud mining is a relationship between local mining, which can be compared to local storage. The simple answer is to move the local to a remote line, which can be considered a shared economic model.

与云挖矿相似的还有矿机托管服务，即矿工自己花钱购买矿机，矿机的安装、调试、挖矿、维护全部交给服务商，但需要支付一定的服务费。它与前面介绍的云挖矿的不同主要是矿机是属于矿工自己，还是属于服务提供商。

Similar to cloud mining, there is also a mine-hosting service in which miners buy mine machines themselves, install them, test them, dig them, and maintain them all to service providers, but at a certain cost. It differs from the cloud-mining services described earlier, mainly because they belong to the miners themselves or to the service providers.

算力越高挖币就越多吗

The more money you can dig, the more money you can dig?

和手机、电脑一样，矿机的算力也是不断升级的。那么，既然算力越来越高，挖到的币是不是也随之增多呢？

Like mobile phones, computers, the miner's arithmetic is increasing. So, now that it's getting more and more, is there an increase in the amount of money that is being dug up?

这个问题要看从哪个角度考虑。如果在特定的一段时间内，那么肯定是算力越高挖到的币会越多。以比特币为例，算力越高就有越高的几率算出来哈希值获得记录区块的权利，从而获取比特币奖励。所以增加矿机数量与性能，显然可以挖到更多的比特币。

The question depends on what the point of view is. If, for a given period of time, the higher the value, the higher the value, for example, the higher the probability that the Hashi will get the right to record the blocks. So, by increasing the number and performance of the machines, it is clear that more bitcoins can be dug up.

但是从长远看，随着时间的推移，即便算力越来越高，挖到币的数量也是不断减少的。一方面大多数加密货币都设有奖励递减机制，例如比特币每4年奖励会减半，2010年挖到一个区块的奖励是50个比特币，而2017年一个区块的奖励只有12.5个比特币。另一方面，矿工的数量越来越多，即便你的算力相比以前增加了10倍，但全网算力增速更快，你的算力在全网中所占的比例可能是减少的。

In the long run, however, the amount of money dug down has been decreasing over time, even with increasing computing power. On the one hand, most of the encrypted currencies have incentives that halve the amount of bitcoins every four years, with 50 bitcoins per block in 2010, and 12.5 bitcoins per block in 2017.

这里还存在一个问题，如果要计算的加密题难度保持不变，比如一直是1+1=2难度，那么随着算力的增高，总有一天高算力矿机与低算力矿机都可以很轻松算出来，那时算力强弱的影响会变得很小。为了解决这个问题，基本上所有加密货币都有难度调整机制，例如比特币每2周会调整一次难度，比特币现金升级换成了DAA难度调整机制。它们会根据全网算力的强弱，调节计算的难度，保证无论以后算力高到多么可怕的数字，矿工都需差不多的时间才能算出答案。也就是说，即便你的算力比以前高出了很多，也不会挖到更多的币，因为你要计算的题的难度，是同倍率增加的。

There is also the problem that, if the difficulty of calculating encryption is to remain constant, for example, 1+1 = 2, then one day, with the increase in computing power, the impact of high-calculation and low-calculus machines will be easy to calculate, and the impact will be minimal. In order to solve this problem, virtually all encrypted currencies have difficulty adjustment mechanisms, such as bitcoins adjust every two weeks, bitcoins raise cash to DAA difficulty adjustment mechanisms.

当然，虽然随着时间的推移，挖到币的数量越来越少，但要知道币价是不断升高的，所以总的来说收益是提高的。就说比特币，你是愿意在2010挖到50个总价值不到1元钱的比特币，还是愿意现在挖到1个价值7万元的比特币？

Of course, while the amount of money dug up has become less and less over time, knowing that the value of the currency is rising, so the overall gain has been higher. So, Bitcoin, you're willing to dig 50 bitcoins worth less than a dollar in 2010, or you're willing to dig a $70,000 bitcoin now?

什么是全网算力

What's a full web count?

在一些加密货币发展状况与矿机的新闻中，我们经常能看到“全网算力”这个词语，全网算力可以按字面理解，既网络中所有参与挖矿的矿机算力总和。某种加密货币的全网算力大小，可以反映出该加密货币挖矿的活跃度，数值越大、增长速度越快，说明矿工都看好这种加密货币，它的前景一般也会很好。此外，我们也可以根据全网算力去判断一些消息的真伪。

In some news about the state of encrypt currency development and mining machines, we often see the term “net-wide computing”, which can be understood literally, even if all of the mining machines involved in mining in the network are combined. The full-net computing power of a certain encrypt currency can reflect the activity of the encrypt currency, the higher the value and the faster the rate of growth, which suggests that miners view the encrypting currency, and the prospects are generally good. Moreover, we can judge the authenticity of some of the information based on web-based computing.