ETH2将于12月1日启动,0.1个ETH如何挖矿？ETH2GO发布! ETH2.0将于12月1日正式启动以太坊官方发布了确定的消息：ETH2.0会在12月1日上线！ETH2.0可能带来的获利...
资讯 2024-06-20 阅读:72 评论:0
ETH2.0将于12月1日正式启动
以太坊官方发布了确定的消息：ETH2.0会在12月1日上线！
An official announcement was made that ETH 2.0 will be on line on December 1st!
ETH2.0可能带来的获利机会
对于个人参与者、投资者，可能会有这些机会：
For individual participants, investors, these opportunities may be:
成为验证节点，获取POS的收益。 ETH2.0第三方验证服务商的代币投资机会。ETH2.0概念项目投资机会。
& nbsp; ETH 2.0 third-party certification service provider's money investment opportunities. ETH 2.0 concept project investment opportunities.
这些方向没那么投机，但是都是值得长期跟进的。
These directions are less speculative, but they are worthy of long-term follow-up.
Vitalik关于ETH2 POS的AMA
Vitalik亲自回答了ETH2.0、staking、分片等设计细则， Vitalik Buterin 为以太坊中文社区的爱好者们做了一场线上AMA。
Vitalik responded in person to design rules such as ETH 2.0, stking, & nbsp; Vitalik Buterin made an online AMA for Chinese fans in Taiwan.
问题 1：需要什么条件才能成为以太坊2.0节点？
Question & nbsp; 1: What conditions are needed to become Ethio 2.0 node?
Vitalik: 32 ETH和普通电脑应该够了。
Vitalik: & nbsp; 32 ETH and general computers should be enough.
问题 2：那如果持有的 ETH 数量超过 32 个呢？比如，如果有 320 ETH，该怎么成为验证者？分成 10 个节点运行吗？
Question & nbsp; 2: If you hold ETH more than 32 one? For example, if you have 320 ETH, how can you be a certifier? & nbsp; 10 a node run?
Vitalik: 可以只运行一个以太坊 2.0 客户端。客户端是可以管理多个验证者ID的。但是客户端管理的验证者ID越多，该客户端需要验证的数据就越多。比如，如果你质押 10,000 ETH，可能就需要服务器了。
Vitalik: you can run only one 2.0 client. The client can manage multiple certifiers ID. But the more IDs the client manages, the more data the client needs to verify. For example, if you pledge 10,000 ETH, the server may be needed.
问题 3：所说的需要存储的数据就越多，是指同样的链上数据，若干验证者进行投票 (vote) 次数越多吗？
Question & nbsp; 3: The more data to be stored, the more data to be stored, the same chain data, the more often a number of certifying officers vote & nbsp; volte) & nbsp;
Vitalik：这是分片的特点。分片中的区块是分配给各个验证者ID来进行投票的，所以如果你有很多的验证者 ID，那你需要验证和签名更多的区块。
Vitalik: This is the feature of the fragments. The blocks in the fragments are assigned to individual certifying ids to vote, so if you have a lot of certifying & nbsp; IDs, you need to verify and sign more blocks.
问题 4：难道10个验证者ID就要保管10个私钥吗？还是1个私钥只需要通过1个客户端就可以管理10个验证者ID？
Question & nbsp; 4: Are 10 certificationist IDs going to hold 10 private keys? Or is one private key just needed to manage 10 certificationist IDs through one client?
Vitalik：需要10个私钥。但是客户端可以用一个私钥生成多个私钥。
Vitalik: 10 private keys are required. But the client can generate multiple private keys with one private key.
问题 5：那这样看来，Eth2.0 的 staking (质押) 应该不包含“委托”的部分了，如果自己不够 32ETH，也不能以去中心化的方式委托给其他节点。
Question & nbsp; 5: So, Eth2.0 & nbsp; making pledge; & nbsp; should not contain the “delegation” part, if not enough & nbsp; 32ETH, cannot be delegated to other nodes in a decentralized manner.
Vitalik：以太坊 2.0的阶段2实现之后就可以通过使用智能合约来做委托。
Vitalik: After stage 2 of Taiwan & nbsp; phase 2 of 2.0 is realized, commissioning can be done by using smart contracts.
问题 6：意思是，Phase 2后，可以几个人通过1个合约凑齐32ETH，共同成为 1 个验证者？
Question & nbsp; 6: Meaning that, after Phase 2, a couple of people could get 32 ETH together through a contract and become & nbsp; 1 & nbsp; a certifying officer?
Vitalik：嗯，对的。
Vitalik: Uh, right.
ETH2.0的POS机制与收益预估
昨天（2020年11月24日）ETH的POS机制已经正式启动，之后会根据验证器的在线时间和ETH质押数量来计算矿工收益（一个验证器意味着需要质押32个ETH 2年左右的时间）。
Yesterday (24 November 2020) the ETH POS mechanism was officially launched, after which the miner's earnings will be calculated on the basis of the certificater's online time and the number of ETH pledges (a certification means that 32 ETHs will be pledged for about two years).
截止当前，ETH2.0总质押数71万ETH，币本位年化收益率预估18.1%，实时收益率信息可以在eth2go.com查看。质押总数的进度条还在走，目标是1100万ETH，收益率5% （比DeFi中的ETH借出收益率0.5%还是高了很多）。
At present, the total ETH 2.0 pledge is 710,000 ETHs, the currency annualized rate of return is estimated at 18.1% , and real-time rate of return information is available at eth2go.com. The rate of progress in the total number of pledges is still moving, with a target of 11 million ETHs with a 5% return & nbsp; it is still much higher than the 0.5% return on loan from ETH in DeFi.
按照现在ETH大约600美金的价格，ETH的POS挖矿市场总盘子最高可达66亿美金，对应收益3.3亿美金，这是在还没叠加交易类收入的情况下。同时，因为成为Eth2.0验证者除了需要有ETH，还需要懂得维护节点验证器，而自己维护Eth2.0验证器的门槛比较高，所以有很多第三方服务商看到了这样的市场机会，也宣布了相应的服务，第三方服务的列表也可以在eth2go.com查看到。
At a current price of approximately $600, the ETH’s POS mining market’s total plate can reach up to $6.6 billion, corresponding to $330 million, without adding up transactional income. At the same time, because being Eth2.0 certifiers requires node certifiers in addition to requiring ETH, and the threshold for maintaining Eth2.0 certifiers is high, many third-party service providers see such market opportunities and announce services, and a list of third-party services can be found at eth2go.com.
他们的主要服务方式包括以下几种：
Their main forms of service include the following:
出售已经配置好的硬件，参与者买来即插即用。提供托管服务，参与者只需要打币，不需要自己维护验证器。一站式的验证器配置服务。
If you sell the hardware that has been configured, the participants buy it and insert it. For hosting services, the participants simply need to coin and do not need to maintain the authenticator themselves.
现在这些第三方服务的服务都还没有实质上的稳定运行，不过都在紧锣密鼓的迭代。
None of these third-party services are currently functioning in a substantially stable manner, although they are in a tight succession.
自建ETH2节点
现阶段有技术能力的朋友，可以先自建节点，
Friends with technical skills at this stage can build their own nodes first.
推荐的选项是：Geth / Infura + Prysm
Recommended options: Geth / & nbsp; Infura + & nbsp; Prysm
教程中说的不明确的惩罚是这样的：
The penalty that is not clear in the curriculum is as follows:
验证器除了会因脱机而受到处罚外，还会因行为不当而受到处罚，例如证明无效或自相矛盾的区块。奖励/惩罚多久发布一次？大约每六分半钟为一个周期，网络会衡量每个验证者的行为，并适当地发出奖励或惩罚。奖励/罚款有多大？最极端的惩罚情况是验证者可能会在21天内逐渐损失多达50％（16 ETH）的股份。21天后，会被从验证程序池中弹出。总体而言，只要验证者的正常运行时间为大于50％就可以实现净利润，所以脱机的影响并不那么严重
In addition to being penalized for off-line, the certifier may be punished for misconduct, such as invalid or contradictory blocks. How often is the reward/punishment issued? Every six and a half minutes a cycle, the network measures the conduct of each certifier and gives appropriate rewards or penalties. What are the incentives/fines? The extreme penalty is that the certifier may gradually lose up to 50% (16 ETH) of the shares within 21 days. After 21 days, it will be ejected from the certifier's pool.
有关服务器安全，官方的设计了两个私钥： 提款私钥和签名密钥，签名私钥放在联网的运行了节点的硬件上，提款私钥放在离线的地方。如果签名私钥被盗，不会影响本金安全，验证者始终可以根据提款私钥重新计算签名密钥。如果提款私钥被盗就比较麻烦了，意味着本金丢失的风险已经形成。
With regard to server security, the official design has two private keys: the withdrawal private key and the signature key, where the signature private key is placed on a network of running node hardware, and the withdrawal private key is located offline. If the signature private key is stolen, it will not affect the security of the principal, and the authenticator can always recalculate the signature key on the basis of the withdrawal private key. If the withdrawal private key is stolen, the risk of loss of the principal is created.
PS：使用Infura是为了方便，不用自己同步eth1.0区块信息（同步Geth的区块总数大概180G，所以官方建议硬件配置有200G的硬盘），但是因为前段时间Infura的出现过bug，所以很难说之后不会再有掉线事件，而掉线是会被扣收益的，虽然我个人觉得还好，但还是建议大家用Geth。
PS: Infoura is used for convenience without synchronizing the eth 1.0 block information (the total number of blocks synchronized with Geth is approximately 180 G, so it is officially recommended that hardware be equipped with 200 G hard disks), but it is difficult to say that there will not be any loss of wire after the appearance of Infura in the previous period, and that the loss of wire will be lost, although I personally think it is okay to use Geth.
ETH2GO：ETH2.0中文服务社区
ETH2GO数据型服务社区
ETH2GO是面向ETH2.0生态的数据服务平台。目前以ETH2的POS数据、第三方服务商消息为主，后续会逐步集成ETH2的最新资讯，以及基于ETH2的新发布的项目信息，为矿工和投资者提供更多辅助工具。
ETH2GO is a data service platform for ETH 2.0 ecology.
目前全球已经有数十家ETH2的POS三方服务商发布服务方案，下图比较全面的汇总了这些服务方案、成本、特点：eth2go.com汇总了目前已经发布消息的ETH2.0第三方服务商信息，并说明了各类服务的成本和特点：
There are currently dozens of ETH2 trilateral ETS service providers worldwide, and the following figure provides a more comprehensive summary of these service programmes, costs and characteristics: Eth2go.com summarizes the information on ETH 2.0 third-party service providers that are currently published and describes the costs and characteristics of the various types of services:
eth2go.com的ETH2三方服务商汇总
Summary of ETH2 tripartite service providers in eth2go.com
如果想估算ETH2挖矿的收益，可以在eth2go.com中输入希望质押的ETH数量就可以得到估算结果：
If the proceeds of ETH2 mining are to be estimated, the number of ETHs expected to be pledged can be entered in eth2go.com and the results can be estimated:
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