时间回溯到2008年。这一年，次贷危机爆发，金融危机席卷全球。
It dates back to 2008. That year, the subprime crisis broke out and the financial crisis engulfed the world.
如今我们在复盘此次金融危机时，美国随意且不负责任的货币政策，被认为是这次危机的重要推手之一。
Today, when we review the financial crisis, the arbitrary and irresponsible monetary policy of the United States is considered to be one of the major contributors to the crisis.
而中本聪和其他密码极客一样，对这种不受监管的“中心”深恶痛绝。他想创造一种不受政府或者其他中心控制、永不超发的“货币”。
And, like other cryptographers, he wants to create an unsupervised & & ldquao; center & rdquao; and he wants to create a & ldquao; currency & & rdquao;
实际上，中本聪的这个想法并不是首创。早在1980年，荷兰加油站带来了电子现金，之后，B-Money，E-Gold，Hashcash等诸多电子货币出现。但因为双重支付等技术问题问题，他们大多都失败了。
As early as 1980, the Dutch gas station brought electronic cash, and then a number of electronic currencies, such as B-Money, E-Gold, and Hashcash, emerged. But most of them failed because of technical problems like double payment.
28年后，在雷曼兄弟因经济危机破产一个多月后，中本聪带着比特币横空出世，带着建立一个新时代的试验而来。
Twenty-eight years later, more than a month after Lehman Brothers went bankrupt as a result of the economic crisis, Nakamoto was born with Bitcoin and came with an experiment to build a new era.
在短短13页的白皮书中，中本聪这样描述比特币——一种完全通过点对点技术实现的电子现金系统，它使得在线支付能够直接由一方发起并支付给另外一方，中间不需要通过任何的金融机构。
In a 13-page white paper, Binteng describes Bitcoin— — an electronic cash system that is fully achieved through point-to-point technology, which enables online payments to be initiated and paid directly by one party to the other, without the need to pass through any financial institution.
之后，比特币从极客世界扩散到现实世界，它离人们既遥不可及，又近在咫尺。人们对比特币既支持又反对，既欢迎又排斥。
After that, Bitcoin spreads from the polar world to the real world, far from and close to people. Bitcoin is supported, opposed, welcomed and excluded.
无论如何，比特币已经走过10年。10年来，在13页白皮书里所立下的豪言壮语，比特币都实现了吗?
In any case, bitcoin has been gone for 10 years. In the last 10 years, has bitcoin been achieved?
1. 没有“后门”的账本
1. No & ldquao; back door & rdquao; account book
| 我们(we)在此提出一种解决方案，使现金系统在点对点的环境下运行，并防止双重支付问题。该网络通过随机散列(hashing)对全部交易加上时间戳(timestamps)。 |
根据中本聪在白皮书中的描述，为了解决交易中产生的双重支付问题，中本聪提出了点对点交易的方法来防止双重支付。
In order to address the problem of double payment arising from the transaction, as described in the White Paper, China has proposed a point-to-point approach to prevent double payment.
但是，要利用点对点交易来解决双花问题，就必须用记账的方法，并且为了让去中心的点对点交易的账本得到广大“玩家”的认同，中本聪在比特币中引入了基于时间戳的随机散列，并且让其形成前后文相关的序列。
However, to use point-to-point transactions to solve the double flower problem, a bookkeeping method must be used and, in order to obtain a large & & ldquo; player & & rdquo; and the agreement that a random hash based on a time stamp has been introduced in Bitcoin, allowing it to form a sequence that is relevant in context and context.
也就是说，每一个区块，都包涵之前区块的信息，这也就是为什么称之为“链”的原因。
That is, each block contains information about the previous block, which is why it is called &ldquao; chain & rdquao;
中本聪认为通过记账、让账目不可篡改的方式来强化每笔交易的安全性，这种模式在比特币刚出世的时候，广受追捧，收获了一众拥趸。
China believed that the security of each transaction would be enhanced by bookkeeping and making the accounts non-managerable, a model that was widely pursued and captured by Bitcoin at the time of its birth.
然而经过比特币十年的发展，人们发现事实并没有想象中的那么好。
However, after 10 years of development in Bitcoin, it was found that the facts were not as good as they thought.
根据原文摘要的这句话“除非重新完成全部的工作量证明，形成的交易记录将不可更改”，由于采用了复杂的POW工作量证明计算，更改交易记录将非常的耗时和需要大量运算，从客观上实现了“不可更改”的目的，
According to this sentence of the original summary & ldquao; the transaction record will not be changed &rdquao unless the full workload certificate is re-completed; as a result of the use of complex Pow workload certificate calculations, changes to the transaction record will be achieved objectively & &ldquao, which will be very time-consuming and requiring a great deal of calculation; and the purpose of &rdquao;
诚然，通过使用复杂的POW证明，这让更改交易记录变得非常耗时并且对算力有着极高的要求。但反过来，这也给比特币的交易带来了一个条件，那就是每笔交易均不能后悔，每笔记账不可篡改。就算是交易双方或节点绝大多数人认同的记录更改也不行。
Indeed, by using complex Pow proof, this makes the change of transaction records very time-consuming and very demanding for arithmetic. But, in turn, it creates a condition for Bitcoin’s transactions that each transaction cannot be regretted, and that each account cannot be tampered with.
2011年“门头沟”事件，2012年的黑客盗取比特币事件，“丝绸之路”暗网交易等事件，都是利用了这个缺陷。正是因为账本不可篡改，这让通过技术性回滚来挽回损失或终止非法交易变得难度巨大。人们只能眼睁睁的看着比特币的流失。
2011 & & ldquo; door & rdquo; events, the hacking of bitcoin in 2012, & & ldquao; Silk Road & rdquo; and dark-net trading, all exploit this flaw. It is precisely because the books cannot be tampered with, which makes it difficult to recover losses through technical rollbacks or to terminate illegal transactions. People can only watch the loss of bitcoin.
2. 从CPU到GPU
2. From CPU to GPU
| 我们提出了一种采用工作量证明机制的点对点网络来记录交易的公开信息，只要诚实的节点能够控制绝大多数的CPU计算能力，就能使得攻击者事实上难以改变交易记录。 |
比特币采用的是POW(proof-of-work)工作量证明机制，原则上，POW本质是一个CPU一票。在比特币出现早期，矿工们大多利用CPU进行挖矿。
Bitcoin uses the Pow (proof-of-work) workload certification mechanism. In principle, Pow is essentially a CPU vote. In the early days of Bitcoin, miners used CPUs to dig.
但有一点值得注意，网络中的电脑数量一直在变化，因此，通过POW机制来统计CPU就显得难度很大。这点，是中本聪在白皮书中没有预想到的。
It is worth noting, however, that the number of computers in the network has been changing, so it is very difficult to count CPUs through the POW mechanism. This is something that Nakamoto did not foresee in the White Paper.
除此之外，CPU的长处在于串行指令，即不把前一个区块的矿挖出来，就不会去挖下个区块的矿。这样的模式极大的拖延了挖矿的效率。
In addition, the CPU has the advantage of collusive instructions that it will not dig the next block without digging out the mine in the previous block. This pattern greatly delays the efficiency of mining.
人们把目光转为长于并行运算的GPU。
People turn their eyes to the GPU, which is running in parallel.
说起GPU，大家有可能感到陌生，但这个东西在我们日常生活中发挥着重要的作用，那就是显卡。
Speaking of GPU, you may find it strange, but this thing plays an important role in our daily lives, and that is a visible card.
GPU是图形处理器，是显卡的“心脏”。关注3C产品的人或许会感觉到，显卡价格从2014年开始持续走高，甚至到了有价无市的地步。造成这一现象的原因很大程度上在于比特币挖矿。
The GPU is a graphic processor with a visible card & ldquo; heart & & rdquo;. People who focus on 3C products may feel that card prices have continued to rise since 2014, even to a priceless level. Much of the reason for this is because bitcoin digs mines.
人们发现用GPU挖矿效率比用CPU效率高得多，于是纷纷囤积显卡用于挖掘比特币等加密货币。后来出现更专业的ASIC矿机。
It was found that mining with GPU was much more efficient than with CPU, so there was a build-up of cards to dig up encrypted currency such as bitcoin. A more professional ACIS miner emerged.
挖矿的逻辑一直在改变，但比特币十年来依然使用最原始的基于CPU运算的工作量证明机制。这也是币圈玩家一直在争论的一个点：比特币是否已经落伍了?
The logic of mining has been changing, but Bitcoin has been using the most primitive CPU-based workload proof mechanism for 10 years. That is one of the points that currency-circle players have been arguing about: has Bitcoin been out of date?
值得注意的是，中本聪撰写白皮书是在2008年，在当时GPU的算力还没有呈现爆炸式的增长，因此中本聪在当时提出使用POW机制无可厚非。但他没有将往后出现的出现的情况做一个预案处理，或许这是一个失策。
It is worth noting that China’s White Paper was written in 2008, when GPU’s arithmetic had not increased in an explosive manner, so there was nothing wrong with China’s offer to use the Pow mechanism at that time. He failed to deal with what happened in the future, perhaps by failing to do so.
3. 安全和溯源
3. Safe and retrospective
| 我们(we)将提出一种通过点对点分布式的时间戳服务器来生成依照时间前后排列并加以记录的电子交易证明，从而解决双重支付问题。只要诚实的节点所控制的计算能力的总和，大于有合作关系的(cooperating)攻击者的计算能力的总和，该系统就是安全的。 |
在比特币近10年发展中，“塞浦路斯危机”是一个重要的节点。
In the nearly 10 years of development of Bitcoin, & ldquao; the Cyprus crisis & rdquao; an important node.
2013年3月25日，塞浦路斯政府宣布对境内存款超过10万欧元的账户进行征税。面对“避税天堂”突然开始的收税政策，那些账户持有者大量买入比特币，将比特币价格从80美元推高到260美元。
On March 25, 2013, the Government of Cyprus announced a tax on accounts with deposits of more than 100,000 euros in Cyprus. Faced with “ tax haven & & rdquo; and a sudden tax collection policy, those account holders purchased bitcoins in large quantities, pushing the price of bitcoins from $80 to $260.
分布式账本，交易全网广播，交易匿名。这些是比特币的特点，也是中本聪白皮书里想做的事情，人们也认为比特币会给他们的资产带来绝对安全。但经过十年发展，回过头来，比特币真的能够做到吗?
Distributed books, Internet-wide broadcasting of transactions, anonymous transactions. These are the characteristics of bitcoins, what they want to do in the Chinese White Paper, and people believe that bitcoins will bring absolute security to their assets.
计算机运行机制说到底就是算力问题，比特币也不例外。中本聪在设计之初应该清楚账本不可篡改的特性，上文中阐述过，账本不可篡改其实是有副作用的。而这个副作用最直接的体现就在算力上。
Computer operating mechanisms are ultimately questions of arithmetic, and bitcoin is no exception. At the beginning of the design, Ben-Book should have made clear the immutable nature of the accounts, which, as explained above, is actually a side effect. And the most direct reflection of this side effect is the ability to calculate.
首先，比特币系统代替的是中心化中介的信用，并不能保证交易双方的信用，因此，交易双方倘若有一方存在信用问题，那么根据账本不可篡改的特性，这笔交易是无法撤销的。一旦你确认了交易，就算对方是个诈骗犯，那么所造成的损失也是无可避免的。
First, the Bitcoin system replaces the credit of a centralized broker and does not guarantee the credit of both parties to the transaction. Therefore, if one of the parties to the transaction has a credit problem, the transaction cannot be cancelled in accordance with the immutable nature of the account. Once you confirm the transaction, even if the other party is a fraudster, the damage is inevitable.
其次，账本不可篡改在本质上并不是事实上的不可篡改，而是篡改难度非常大。假设一个理想状态，如果一个用户掌握了全网51%的算力，那么他可以对比特币做他任何想做的事情。唯一有区别的只是51%算力是善良的还是邪恶的而已。
Second, the undisguised nature of accounts is not immutable in nature, but rather difficult. Assuming an ideal state, if a user has 51% of the value of the net, he can do anything he wants with a bitcoin. The only difference is whether 51% is good or evil.
换句话说，现有比特币世界中的任何交易行为都能够通过超高算力来实现回滚。
In other words, any transaction in the existing bitcoin world can be rolled back through super arithmetic.
除此之外，比特币一直引以为豪的匿名，在本质上也并不是绝对的匿名，中本书在白皮书中说交易要全网广播，这样尽管能保证交易的安全性，但意味着交易匿名性只是相对于区块链外的世界，在区块链内部是人尽皆知的。而要想获取某次交易的信息，只需要任意攻击一位用户便能找到。
Besides this, Bitcoin has always been proud of its anonymity, which is not in essence absolute, and in the White Paper it says that transactions are to be broadcast all over the Internet, which, while guaranteeing the security of the transaction, means that the anonymity of the transaction is only relative to the world outside the chain of blocks, which is well known within the chain of blocks. To get information about a transaction, one user needs to be attacked at will to find it.
比特币的出现的确给交易安全提升了一个新高度，但比特币不存在绝对安全。
The appearance of Bitcoin did raise the security of transactions to a new height, but Bitcoin was not absolutely safe.
4. 难以实现的去中心化
4. Unmanageable decentralisation
| 本文提出了一种完全通过点对点技术实现的电子现金系统，它使得在线支付能够直接由一方发起并支付给另外一方，中间不需要通过任何的金融机构。 |
去中心化是比特币以及区块链最为显著的特点。可以说是整个加密货币以及区块链世界的精神追求。然后十年来，作为创世者的比特币真的做到去中心化了吗?答案是否定的。
Decentralization is the most prominent feature of the Bitcoin and block chains. It can be described as the spiritual pursuit of the entire world of encrypted currency and block chains.
比特币只做到了弱中心化。
Bitcoin has only been weakly centralised.
首先，比特币的去中心化是一个悖论，因为整个去中心化的规则制定以及交易模式全部都基于中本聪。目前加密货币市场其他加密货币其运行逻辑以及交易方法都与比特币大同小异，没有跳出这个框架。提倡去中心化者却做中心化的事。这或许是一种讽刺。
First, the centralization of bitcoin is a paradox, because the whole of decentralized rule-making and trading patterns are based on neutron intelligence. Other encrypted currencies in the encrypt currency market are currently operating in a very similar logic to bitcoin, and their methods of dealing are not moving out of this framework. Those who promote decentralization do the centralization are doing it. This is perhaps ironic.
其次，去中心化的比特币交易基于中心化交易所。而在中本聪的白皮书中是明确倡导不提倡中介。
Second, decentralized bitcoin transactions are based on a centralized exchange. In China’s white paper, it is clear that brokering is not promoted.
最后，采矿网络地域中心化。四分之三的比特币矿场位于中国,并集中在少数几家矿商手中。比特币采矿网络呈现显著的地域中心化,这给标榜“去中心化”的比特币网络造成威胁。
Finally, the mining network is geographically centralized. Three quarters of the Bitcoin mines are located in China and are concentrated in the hands of a small number of miners. The Bitcoin mining network is remarkably geographically centralized, threatening the label & ldquo; decentralizing & rdquo; and the Bitcoin network.
5. 与现实妥协的“暗网黄金”
5. Compromise & ldquao; Darknet gold & rdquao;
上文中，我们参照比特币白皮书来对比比特币这十年来的发展，总结了比特币在发展过程中未能实现的事情。但是比特币在落地以后，其发展轨迹也有偏差。
In the above, we refer to the Bitcoin White Paper as the development of bitcoin over the past decade, summarizing what bitcoin failed to achieve in the course of its development. But when Bitcoin landed, there was also a bias in its development trajectory.
首先，面世以来饱受争议，甚至不能被政府和货币当局视为“货币”。目前，比特币在世界尚无全面普及开来，甚至在有些地方被判定为非法。其霸主地位也只是区块链圈子里的自娱自乐。
First, it has been controversial since the dawn of the world, and it cannot even be regarded by governments and monetary authorities as & & & & & & & & & & ;. At present, bitcoin is not universally available in the world, even where it has been outlawed. Its dominant position is merely self-serving in the chain.
其次，自身缺陷暴露愈发明显，能源消耗大、交易时间冗长、交易场景难以落地。
Secondly, it is increasingly evident that its own deficiencies are being exposed to high energy consumption, long trading times and difficult trading scenes.
最后，后起之秀众多，竞争激烈。目前,超过 1600 种的加密货币在流通。无论是比特币，还是那些不受监督的实体发行的数千种加密货币，均摒弃以往的金融概念。借助全新的支付链道，才能保证其金融系统正常运转。而相较于比特币，区块链技术似乎略受青睐。
Finally, there is a lot of later competition. More than 1,600 encrypted currencies are currently in circulation. Thousands of encrypted currencies, be they bitcoins or unsupervised entities, have abandoned previous financial concepts.
在今年稳定币热潮出现以后，或许比特币的地位还会收到进一步挑战。
Perhaps the status of Bitcoin will be further challenged after this year's currency stabilization boom.
随着比特币的升温，一直默默无闻的区块链技术成为热点技术和话题。比特币的区块链技术并不等于区块链技术，用户可以使用这种分布式记账技术，而无需使用比特币链道。比特币之后，借着比特币之风演变的1CO等诸多比特币衍生品扰乱正常的金融体系。
With the warming of Bitcoin, the invisible block chain technology has become a hotspot technology and subject. Bitcoin’s block chain technology does not amount to block chain technology, which users can use instead of using bitcoin chains. After Bitcoin, a number of bitcoins, such as one-coat derivatives, evolved with the wind of Bitcoin, disrupt the normal financial system.
除此之外，75% 的比特币交易是矿工之间的资金转移和投机者交易的结果。同时，其依然是犯罪分子的首选货币，也是黑客洗钱的“最佳”途径。由于炒家的介入，加密货币的价格涨跌起伏更加极端，套现、割韭菜。加密世界遍布雷池，投机者愈加难以获利。
In addition, 75% of the Bitcoin trade is the result of money transfers between miners and speculators. At the same time, it remains the criminal’s preferred currency and the hacker’s money laundering & ldquo; the best & rdquo; the way.
美国区块链安全公司 CipherTrace 7 月份发布的报告显示，数字货币已成全球犯罪分子洗钱的主要工具之一，在今年已查处的洗钱案中，约 12 亿美元是通过数字货币进行的，而最常用的就是比特币。比特币所支持的绝大部分交易本质上是违法的。
A report released in July by the United States block chain security firm ChipherTrace shows that digital currency has become one of the main instruments of money-laundering by criminals around the world. In the money-laundering cases investigated this year, about $1.2 billion was made through digital currency, the most commonly used being Bitcoin. The vast majority of transactions supported by Bitcoin are essentially illegal.
尽管上述问题并没有影响到比特币霸主的地位，但想来应该没有达到中本聪对比特币的期待。
Although the above-mentioned issues do not affect the status of Bitcoin, it is assumed that they do not meet the expectations of China’s medium-class Bitcoin.
他预想的场景并没有实现。
His vision did not materialize.
现在比特币甚至整个加密货币市场都还蜷缩在一个小圈子里，艰难求生。要想让整个去中心化浪潮波及全世界，看起来还很遥远。
Bitcoin, and even the entire crypto-currency market, is stuck in a small circle, struggling to survive. It looks like it's a long way to get the whole decentralized wave to the rest of the world.
如果把比特币比作一个人，那么中本聪发布白皮书之际就是它在母胎里成型的阶段，2009年1月3日，比特币呱呱坠地，开始了它平凡又崎岖的一生。2010年底，中本聪消失，就像一个父亲对孩子放手一样。
If Bitcoin is compared to a human being, then the White Paper was published at a time when it was shaped in the womb. On January 3, 2009, Bitcoin fell to the ground and began its ordinary and rugged life. At the end of 2010, it disappeared, as if a father had let go of his child.
比特币开始独自面对这个世界。
Bitcoin began to face the world on its own.
这个成长过程，有坎坷，有荣光，可能会实现当年的豪言壮语，也可能沦为某些人手中的工具。
This growth process, which is difficult and glorious, may lead to the rhetoric of the year or become a tool in the hands of some.
10年来，比特币想做的事情都实现了吗?有些是，有些没有，有些甚至与最初的设定背道而驰。
Has everything bitcoin wanted to do in 10 years? Some, some, some, some, even contrary to the original setup.
但岁月给与比特币的时间还很长，比特币10年不易，它也不止这一个10年。
But years are still long with bitcoin, and bitcoin is not easy for 10 years, and it is more than 10 years.
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