防范非法集资
Prevention of illegal fund-raising
守住钱袋子·护好幸福家
Keep the money bag. Keep the happy family safe.
非法集资是一种违法犯罪金融活动，严重损害人民群众合法权益，侵害市场经济正常秩序，危害国家经济安全。随着我国经济和互联网的快速发展，非法集资依托于金融科技和新型金融产品，呈现出多变性，稍有不慎投资人便陷入“套路”之中。什么是非法集资？如何识别防范？
Illegal fund-raising is an illegal and criminal financial activity that seriously harms the legitimate rights and interests of the population, undermines the normal order of the market economy, and jeopardizes the country’s economic security. With the rapid development of our economy and the Internet, illegal fund-raising is dependent on financial technology and new financial products.
01
什么是非法集资？
What's illegal fund-raising?
根据《防范和处置非法集资条例》，非法集资是指未经国务院金融管理部门依法许可或者违反国家金融管理规定，以许诺还本付息或者给予其他投资回报等方式，向不特定对象吸收资金的行为。
According to the Regulations on the Prevention and Disposal of Illegal Financing, the illegal collection of funds means the absorption of funds to specific targets without the legal authorization of the financial administration of the State Council or in violation of national financial regulations, such as the promise of debt service or other return on investment.
三个特性：
Three characteristics:
非法性：未经国务院金融管理部门依法许可或者或者借用合法经营的形式吸收资金；
(a) Illegality: the absorption of funds without the legal authorization of the financial administration of the State Council or in the form of legal operations;
利诱性：非法集资一般都许诺还本付息。正规金融机构的理财产品均不承诺保本保收益；
(b) Profitability: Illegal collection of funds is generally promised to pay off debt.
社会性：“向不特定对象吸收资金”。“不特定对象”即社会公众。
Sociality: “To absorb funds from a non-specific target”. “Not a specific target”, i.e., the public at large.
02
常见套路
A common set of paths.
画饼。非法集资人会编织一个或多个尽可能“高大上”的项目。以“新技术”“新革命”“新政策”“区块链”“虚拟货币”等为幌子，描绘一幅预期报酬丰厚的蓝图，把集资参与人的胃口“吊”起来，让其产生“不容错过”“机不可失”的错觉。非法集资人一般会把“饼”画大，尽可能吸引参与人眼球。
Illegal fund-raisers make up one or more of the most “highest possible” projects. Under the guise of “new technologies” and “new policies” and “virtual currency” and so on, they paint a blueprint of expected high-paying participants’ appetites and “scratch” them into the illusion of “no missed” opportunities. Illegal fund-raisers tend to paint “cakes” as big as possible, attracting as much attention as possible from the participants.
造势。利用一切资源把声势做大。非法集资人通常会举办各种造势活动，比如新闻发布会、产品推介会、现场观摩会、体验日活动、知识讲座等；组织集体旅游、考察等，赠送米面油、话费等小礼品；大量展示各种或真或假的“技术认证”“获奖证书”“政府批文”；公布一些领导视察影视资料，公司领导与政府官员、明星合影；故意把活动选在政府会议中心、礼堂进行，其场面之大、规格之高极具欺骗性。
• Use all resources to raise the profile. Illegal fund-raisers usually hold various power-building events, such as press conferences, product promotions, on-site visits, experience days, knowledge lectures, etc.; organize group tours, study tours, and give small gifts such as rice-faced oil, talking fees, etc.; display large amounts of various or false “technically certified” “certificate” “government endorsements”; publish some of the leadership inspection footage, the company's leadership being associated with government officials and stars; and deliberately select the event to take place in government conference centres, halls and halls with a high profile and specifications that are deceptive.
吸金。想方设法套取你口袋里的钱。非法集资人通过返点、分红，给参与人初尝“甜头”，使其相信把钱放在他那儿不仅有可观的收入，而且比放在自己口袋里还安全，参与人不仅将自己的钱倾囊而出，还动员亲友加入，集资金额越滚越大。
Draw gold. Try to get the money in your pocket. The illegal fund-raiser gives the participants a taste of their first “sweet head” through return points and dividends, making them believe that there is not only a substantial income to put the money in his possession, but that it is safer than putting it in his pocket, and that the participants not only throw their money away, but also mobilize their friends and relatives to join them.
跑路。非法集资人往往会在“吸金”一段时间后跑路，或者因为原本就是“庞氏骗局”人去楼空，或者因为经营不善致使资金链断裂。集资参与人遭受惨重经济损失，甚至血本无归。
Illegal fund-raisers tend to run after a period of time, either because it was originally a Ponzi scheme, or because the money chain was broken because of bad business. Fund-raising participants suffer heavy economic losses or even loss of blood.
03
新型非法集资常见种类
New types of illegal fund-raising
承诺高额回报 编造虚假项目
Make a promise of a high return, make up a false project.
利用亲情诱骗 以虚假宣传制造声势
Using affection to trick people into making their voices heard under false pretenses.
04
风险提示
Risk hints
如遇以下情形，务必提高警惕，不要盲目、不要冒险、不要侥幸！
You must be vigilant, not blind, not risk, not risk!
1、以“看广告、赚外快”“消费返利”为利诱；
“Consumption returns” is used as an incentive to “see advertising, earn extra money”;
2、以境外投资股权、期权、外汇、贵金属等为吸引；
2. Attracted by offshore investment interests, options, foreign exchange, precious metals, etc.;
3、以投资养老产业可获高额回报或“免费”养老、“以房”养老等为幌子；
3. Under the guise of a high return on investment in the old-age industry or “free” old-age, “house” old-age, etc.;
4、私募入股、合伙办企业，但不办理企业工商注册登记的；
(iv) Privately collected shares, partnerships, but not registered in the business register of the enterprise;
5、投资虚拟货币、区块链等；
Investment in virtual currency, block chains, etc.;
6、以“扶贫”“互助”“慈善”“影视文化”等为幌子的；
6. Under the guise of “poverty alleviation”, “mutual assistance”, “charitable”, “video culture”, etc.;
7、在街头、商场、超市等发放投资理财等内容广告传单的；
7- Distribution of information leaflets on investment finance in the streets, malls, supermarkets, etc.;
8、以组织考察、旅游、讲座等方式招揽老年群众的；
8. In order to reach out to the elderly through the organization of study tours, tours, lectures, etc.;
9、“投资、理财”公司、网站及服务器在境外的；
“Investment, finance” companies, websites and servers abroad;
10、要求以现金方式或向个人账户、境外账户缴纳投资款的。
A person who requires that an investment be paid in cash or to an individual account or offshore account.
往期精彩：
It's been a long time.
原标题：《“非法集资”知识点，请你Get!》
Original title: “Illicit fund-raising” Knowledge Point, please Get!
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