原创 甲子光年 甲子光年
It's original. It's photo-year. It's photo-year.
铭记什么样的瞬间，就选择什么样的未来。
The future is chosen, bearing in mind the moment.
我们很难描述逝去的2021，
It's hard to describe the missing 2021.
旧秩序相继破碎，
The old order was broken,
新逻辑不断崛起，
The new logic is rising.
改革与创新成为时代的底色。
Reform and innovation have become the background of the times.
我们目睹浪潮的迭起，
We've seen the tidal wave.
也见证风口的消亡。
It is also a sign of the demise of the wind.
当科技、资本、政策裹挟在一起，
When technology, capital, and policies are held together,
风从何处吹来？
Where's the wind coming from?
我们想要窃取时间的权柄，
We want to steal the power of time.
得以窥视真理的眼睛。
To look in the eyes of the truth.
过去的365天里，「甲子光年」用280篇原创深度稿件、14篇原创行业深度报告、超270万文字总量、5295份有效调研问卷以及近2000位业内专家深度访谈，共同勾勒着一个未来：捷径消亡、破旧立新，消费互联网时代落幕，数字经济与实体经济的融合时代开启。
Over the past 365 days, the "Apocalypse Light Year" has worked on a future with 280 original in-depth articles, 14 original industry depth reports, over 2.7 million textual totals, 5295 effective research questionnaires and nearly 2,000 in-house in-depth interviews of experts: fast-track destruction, old-fashioned innovation, the end of the consumer Internet era, and the opening of an era of integration between the digital economy and the real economy.
2021年的最后一天，让我们花10分钟回顾下值得铭记的过去，那里隐藏着通往未来的钥匙。未来是一道“主观题”——你铭记什么样的瞬间，你就选择什么样的未来。
On the last day of 2021, let us take 10 minutes to reflect on the past that deserves to be remembered, where the key to the future is hidden. The future is a “subjective question” — the moment you remember, the future you choose.
政策
Policy
1.证监会批准设立广州期货交易所
1. The CSRC approved the establishment of the Guangzhou Futures Exchange
图源：新浪财经
Source: New Wave Finance
21家期货公司，195家期货营业部，广东的期货土壤令人惊艳。1月22日，定位于服务绿色金融的广州期货交易所正式成立，这是国内首家混合所有制交易所，也是对我国期货市场发展空间布局的合理补充，对助力粤港澳大湾区和国家“一带一路”建设，服务经济高质量发展具有重要意义。
On January 22, the Guangzhou Futures Exchange, the country's first mixed ownership exchange and a reasonable complement to the development of our futures market space layout, was inaugurated, with 195 futures offices and Guangdong's amazing futures soil. It is important for the development of a “one-way” service economy in Hong Kong, Australia, and the country.
2.“核心科技攻关”写入政府工作报告
The “core technology closure” is included in the Government's report on its work.
图源：人民网
Source: People's Network
不要低估中国的坚决！3月5日，国务院总理李克强在政府工作报告中指出，完善国家创新体系，加快构建以国家实验室为引领的战略科技力量，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，制定实施基础研究十年行动方案，全社会研发经费投入年均增长7%以上、力争投入强度高于“十三五”时期实际。
On March 5, State Council Prime Minister Li Keqiang stated in his report on the government's work that the national innovation system should be improved, that the strategic scientific and technological forces led by the national laboratory should be accelerated, that critical core technologies should be combated, and that a 10-year programme of action for the implementation of basic research should be developed. The investment in research and development should be increased by more than 7 per cent per year, and that it should be more intense than during the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan of Action.
3.全国碳排放权交易市场正式上线交易
3. Formal online trading in the national carbon-emissions market
图源：新华社
Source: Xinhua Society
进入2021年，碳达峰、碳中和被确定为中央经济工作的八项重点任务之一。碳中和成为今年科技行业最重要的风口之一。3月初，国家电网公司发布“碳达峰、碳中和”行动方案，7月16日，全国碳排放权交易市场正式上线交易。与此同时各大投资机构、科技企业也纷纷把ESG（环境、社会、公司治理）纳入投资或企业发展的考核指标。科技发展与环境治理开始有更多的交集。
In 2021, carbon peaks, carbon neutrality, and carbon neutrality were identified as one of the eight priorities of the central economy. Carbon neutrality was one of the most important points in the science and technology industry this year.
4.百亿天价罚单背后，是反垄断的决心
Behind the 4 billion daily tickets is the anti-monopoly determination.
图源：微博
Source: Weibo
4月10日，经过四个月的调查，市场监管总局对阿里巴巴集团的处罚尘埃落定。根据处罚决定书，市场监管总局责令阿里巴巴集团停止滥用市场支配地位行为，处以罚款182.28亿元，并要求其进行全面整改，连续三年提交自查合规报告。平台经济发展和社会发展从不是反义词，相辅相成才能走向未来。
On 10 April, after four months of investigation, the Directorate-General of Market Supervision settled the penalties imposed on the Alibaba Group. According to the decision on penalties, the Directorate-General of Market Supervision ordered the Alibaba Group to cease its abuse of a dominant position of market power and imposed a fine of 18.28 billion yuan, requiring it to be overhauled and to submit self-censorship compliance reports for three consecutive years.
5.狂欢结束，加密矿场退出中国
5. End of the carnival and exit of the encrypted mine from China
图源：网络
Source: Networks
5 月21日，国务院金融稳定发展委员会召开第五十一次会议，提出“打击比特币挖矿和交易行为”，新疆、青海、内蒙古等全国多个省市相继出台禁令，对虚拟货币挖矿进行整顿和清理，大量矿场关停或出海。加密矿场的造富神话不再，那些渴望一夜暴富的人们，该醒了。
On 21 May, the Council of State's Committee on Financial Stability and Development convened its fifty-first meeting and proposed “combating the mining and trading of Bitcoin,” followed by a ban on various provinces and cities throughout Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Inner Mongolia, which shut down a large number of mines or sailed out of the sea. The myths about the wealth of the encrypted mines no longer exist, and it is time to wake up those who yearn to be rich overnight.
6.双减政策发布，好未来新东方市值跌九成
6. A two-way reduction policy was issued, with a 90 per cent drop in the market value of the new East in the future
图源：网络
Source: Networks
7月24日，“双减”政策（《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》）正式发布，校外培训机构迎来最强监管。在线教育开启了上百万人的大撤退，裁员、转型成为近万亿市场的高频词，好未来、新东方、高途三家头部K12巨头的市值蒸发超过九成，在线教育的厮杀，落幕了。
On July 24, the “two-way-down” policy (the Opinion on Further Reducing the Operational and Out-of-School Training Burden for Students in Compulsory Education) was officially launched, with out-of-school training institutions gaining the strongest supervision. On-line education opened up a massive retreat of millions of people, laid off staff and transformed into a high-frequency word for nearly trillion markets, and the market value of the three top K12 leaders evaporated by more than 90% in the future, the new East, and the high-end K12, and the fall of online education.
7.数据安全法、个人信息保护法相继实施
7. Data Security Act, Personal Information Protection Act successively implemented
图源：新华网
Source: Xinhuanet
9月1日，《中华人民共和国数据安全法》正式施行，规范了数据处理活动，在促进数据开发利用的同时，保护个人、组织的合法权益，维护国家主权、安全和发展利益。11月1日，《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》正式施行，目的是保护个人信息权益，规范个人信息处理活动，促进个人信息合理利用。
On 1 September, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Data Security was officially implemented, regulating data-processing activities, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of individuals and organizations and safeguarding the sovereignty, security and development of States while promoting data development and utilization. On 1 November, the Law on the Protection of Personal Information of the People's Republic of China was formally implemented with the aim of protecting the rights and interests of personal information, regulating personal information processing activities and promoting the rational use of personal information.
8.工信部要求互联网平台解除链接屏蔽，微信放开外链
8. The Ministry of Information and Communications requires Internet platforms to unblock links and micro-message the outer chain.
图源：工信部官网
Figure: Network of officials of the Ministry of Industry and Communications
互联互通成为平台们的新课题。9月9日，工信部召开“屏蔽网址链接问题行政指导会”。会上，工信部提出有关即时通信软件的合规标准，要求限期内各平台必须按标准解除屏蔽，否则将依法采取处置措施。9月17日，腾讯宣布，微信的外链管理措施将分阶段分步骤实施。11月29日，微信进一步开放，在个人聊天场景中可以直接访问外部链接，并且在群聊场景下试行开放电商类外部链接直接访问功能。
Connectivity became a new topic for the platform. On September 9, the Ministry of Trade and Communications convened an “Executive Steering Conference on Blocking Web Links.” At the meeting, the Ministry proposed compliance standards for instant communication software, requiring platforms to be free of barriers within the deadline, otherwise disposal measures would be taken in accordance with the law. On September 17, it was announced that the external chain management measures for Weibo would be implemented in a step-by-step manner. On November 29, Weibo was further opened to direct access to external links in a personal chat setting, and that direct access to external links in the open commercial category would be piloted in a crowd chat setting.
9.北交所成立，再次见证“中国速度”
The North Passage was established to witness once again the “China Speed”
图源：网络
Source: Networks
今年9月，服务专精特新中小企业的北交所成立提上议程。11月15日，北交所敲锣开市，这是我国资本市场改革发展的又一重要标志性事件。与上交所、深交所形成行业与企业发展阶段上的差异互补，以及良性竞争。开市首月，北交所市场合计成交478.97亿元，11只新股平均上涨110.84%，合格投资者开户数累计突破460万户，大宗交易同比提升明显。
In September this year, the North Exchange of Services for Specialized New Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises was set up. On November 15, the North Exchange opened the market, another important landmark in the development of capital market reforms in the country. The differences in industry and enterprise development as a result of the border crossing and the depth of the deal are complementary, as well as good competition. In the first month of the market opening, the North Exchange market was combined with 47,897 million yuan, 11 new shares rose by an average of 110.84 per cent, and the number of eligible investors opened a cumulatively over 4.6 million.
资本与商业
Capital and business
10.Roblox上市，“元宇宙第一股”诞生
Roblox is on the market and the first share of the Woncosmos is born.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
3月10日，美国在线游戏创作平台Roblox于纽交所正式挂牌上市，股份代号为“RBLX”，其背后的元宇宙光环更让人着迷。RobloxQ3财报显示，其收入同比增长 102%，达到 5.093 亿美元。与 2020 年同季度相比，增长了28%。元宇宙结合了互联网、游戏、社交网络和虚拟技术，为人类进行数字化创造奠定了基础。当这些技术融合在一起时，又衍生出一种全新的、身临其境的数字生活。
On March 10, the U.S. online game creation platform Roblox was officially listed in New York, with shares code-named “RBLX”, behind which the meta-cosm light ring is more fascinating. The RobloxQ3 financial report shows a 102% increase in revenue compared to the previous quarter, amounting to $509.3 million. This represents a 28% increase compared to the quarter of 2020. The universe combines the Internet, games, social networks and virtual technology, laying the foundation for digital creation.
11.华为成立煤矿军团，科技大厂进工厂
11. In order to form a coal-mining army, a major technology plant has entered the factory.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
今年2月，华为正式宣布成立煤矿军团。军团组织和华为运营商BG、企业BG、消费BG属于同一个级别，但运作模式并不相同。任正非对军团组织的定义是：通过军团作战，打破现有组织边界，快速集结资源，穿插作战，提升效率，做深做透一个领域，对商业成功负责，为公司多产粮食。10月，华为再次成立海关和港口军团、智慧公路军团、数据中心能源军团和智能光伏军团。
In February this year, China officially announced the establishment of a coal-mining regiment. The organization of the regiment and the Chinese operator BG, the company BG, the consumer BG are at the same level, but the mode of operation is different.
此外，今年钉钉也进行战略转移，向国有企业数字化转型发力。此前「甲子光年」亦曾发布12.百度香港上市，推高中概股二次回港潮
In addition, this year’s nailing has been strategically shifted to digitalization of state-owned enterprises.
图源：百度
Source: 100 degrees
2020年，网易、京东等多家公司回港二次上市。2021年，这股潮流仍在继续。进入3月份以来，先后有汽车之家、百度、哔哩哔哩多家中概股公司在港二次上市；小鹏汽车和理想汽车也先后在6月和8月在港上市。
In 2020, a number of companies, such as the Internet, Kyoto and others, returned to Hong Kong for a second time. In 2021, the trend continued.
13.台积电市值超腾讯，登上亚洲第一
13. The market value of power on the station is high, and it's going to be number one in Asia.
图源：CNBC
Source: CNBC
8月中旬，台积电市值超越腾讯，登榜亚洲第一。一方面，新冠疫情导致的供应链中断，汽车、数据中心等行业需求激增，推动着芯片制造商的股价水涨船高。另一方面，伴随着互联网流量封顶，利润下滑已是不争的事实。而这或许也隐含着一个信号，一个实体产业超越互联网的信号。
On the one hand, the disruption of the supply chain as a result of the new crown epidemic and the surge in demand in sectors such as automobiles and data centres have driven chip manufacturers’ stock prices up. On the other hand, along with the capping of Internet traffic, the fall in profits has become indisputable.
14.瑞幸经营向好，摆脱财务造假漩涡
14. Rui Shun managed to get out of the financial counterfeiting vortex.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
9月21日，瑞幸咖啡连续发布三则公告，宣布公司在重组计划和资本市场披露方面取得一系列进展，其中包括瑞幸与美国集体诉讼的原告代表签署了1.875亿美元的和解意向书等，瑞幸咖啡开始摆脱财务造假带来的舆论漩涡。而其2021年第三季度财报也显示，瑞幸经营状况持续向好，较去年同期增长105.6%。
On 21 September, Rainsing Café issued three consecutive bulletins declaring that the company had made a series of advances in restructuring plans and capital market disclosures, including the signing of a letter of intent for settlement of $187.5 million by representatives of the plaintiffs in the United States class action, and the beginning of a move away from the vortex of public opinion created by financial fraud. Its third quarter of 2021 also showed that the company continued to operate well, with an increase of 105.6 per cent over the same period last year.
15.开源平台GitLab上市
15. Open-source platform GitLab is on the market
图源：网络
Source: Networks
10月14 日，代码托管平台 GitLab （股票代码 GTLB）正式登陆纳斯达克股票交易所，发行价为 77 美元，发行 1040 万股，募资总额 8 亿美元。自2011年始创以来，GitLab曾获得谷歌投资、高盛等知名机构的投资，而其核心竞争对手GitHub已于2018年被微软花75亿美元收购，这一交易还促成相当一部分GitHub用户转投GitLab的怀抱。
On October 14, the code-hosting platform GitLab (the stock code GTLB) officially landed on the NASDAQ stock exchange at a price of $77, with an offer of 10.4 million shares totalling $800 million. Since its inception in 2011, GitLab has received investments from such well-known institutions as Google Investments, Goldman Sachs, and its core competitor GitHub was bought by Microsoft $7.5 billion in 2018, and this transaction has also resulted in a significant number of GitHub users turning to GitLab’s arms.
过去两年，开源一直是软件领域的热门赛道。2021年11月30日，工业和信息化部印发了《“十四五”软件和信息技术服务业发展规划》（以下简称《规划》），提出到2025年建设2-3个具有国际影响力的开源社区。
In the last two years, Open Source has been a popular track in the field of software. On 30 November 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Informatics published the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Software and Information Technology Services (hereinafter " the Plan " ), which proposes to build two to three open-source communities with international influence by 2025.
16.比特币价格再创历史新高
16. Bitcoin prices are at an all-time high.
图源：CoinmarketCap
Source: CoinmarkCap
11月10日，比特币价格突破 68000 美元，创下历史最高值，较2021年初价格上涨近70%，年初，加密货币总市值仅为 7795 亿美元，目前已突破20000亿美元大关，繁花似锦，烈火烹油，加密世界的造富神话还在继续，只是不知这一次谁变成了猎人，谁又变成了猎物。
On 10 November, the price of Bitcoin passed by $68,000, a historic high of nearly 70 per cent, compared with the price at the beginning of 2021. At the beginning of the year, the total value of encrypted money was only $77,95 billion, and it has now broken the $20 billion mark, with flowers and fire cooking oil, and the myth of encoded world wealth continues, although it is not known who became hunters and who became prey this time.
17.滴滴离开纽交所，寻求港股上市
17. Departure from the New Agency and seek listing of the Hong Kong stock.
图源：微博
Source: Weibo
12月3日，滴滴出行发布消息称，经认真研究，公司即日起启动在纽交所退市的工作，并启动在香港上市的准备工作。滴滴今年6月30日在纽交所上市，上市仅三天，遭遇网络安全审查，停止新用户注册；上市后第五天，滴滴旗下25款APP因“严重违法违规收集使用个人信息问题”被下架，至今仍未恢复上架。5个月的时间里，市值缩水大半。
On 3 December, the drop-off released news that, after careful study, the company had started work on the defunct market in New York and had started preparations for listing in Hong Kong. On 30 June this year, it was listed in New York City, for only three days, and was subjected to a cyber-security check that suspended the registration of new users. On the fifth day of the roll-out, 25 APPs under the drop-off flag were set aside for “serious violations of the law to collect and use personal information” and have not yet been restored.
18.字节跳动超越蚂蚁，成为全球最大独角兽
The byte beats beyond the ant and becomes the largest unicorn in the world.
图源：胡润研究院
Source: Hu Yun Institute.
12月20日，胡润研究院《2021全球独角兽榜》公布，抖音母公司字节跳动估值超过蚂蚁集团，成为全球最大独角兽。2021年，字节动作不断。11月，字节跳动宣布组织架构调整为六大业务板块：抖音、大力教育、飞书、火山引擎、游戏和TikTok，头条、西瓜、搜索、百科以及国内垂直服务业务并入抖音。12月，字节跳动发布包括IaaS基础服务在内的全系云产品火山引擎，进军公有云市场。
On December 20, the Huun Institute published the Global Unicorn List 2021, stating that the tremor mother's byte beats outvalued the ant group and became the world's largest unicorn. In 2021, byte movement continued. In November, the byte beat announced a restructuring of the organizational structure into six major operational units: a tremors, aggressive education, books, volcanic engines, games and TikTok, headlines, watermelon, search, encyclopedia, and domestic vertical service operations.
19.商汤集团港交所上市，涨超30%
The Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is on the market, up by more than 30 per cent.
图源：商汤科技
Source: Merchant Soup Technology
12月30日，商汤集团在港交所挂牌上市。上市首日，其股价一度上涨22.08%，次日更是再次大涨30%，总市值接近1800亿港元。市场看好的声音也一扫此前笼罩在AI行业的担忧和质疑。
On the first day of the market, the stock price rose by 22.08%, and again by 30% the following day, with a total market value of close to HK$18 billion. The market’s watchful voice also cleared up the fears and doubts that had prevailed in the AI industry.
在近一年的时间里，商汤、旷视、云从、格灵深瞳、第四范式等AI企业接连踏上IPO的漫漫征程。目前，除依图之外，其他三家的上市之路均已达成阶段性的胜利。虽然发展多年，但从收入结构来看，面向政府、机构的to G业务仍旧是支撑公司营收的核心主力。下一阶段，造血能力成为AI公司们纷纷比拼的关键。
For almost a year now, businesses like Business Soup, Perspectives, Clouds, Ululu, and Model 4 have embarked on a long journey of IPOs. At present, three other businesses, with the exception of Ito, have achieved a phased victory.
20.互联网流量封顶，大厂光环不再
20. Internet traffic caps, big plants do not have Halo anymore.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
2021年，互联网流量遇顶，阿里、字节的广告业务增长陷入瓶颈。“内卷”成为互联网最常提及的词汇，高强度的工作、强制竞业协议以及无止境的职场PUA让越来越多人怀疑，付出是否值得。年关将近，大厂却裁员声音不断。12月1日，有爱奇艺员工在脉脉上爆料：爱奇艺正在大幅裁员，比例在20-40%。流量封顶，利润下滑，当互联网光芒散去，大厂仍是年轻人心中的“乌托邦”吗？
In 2021, Internet traffic peaked, and Ali's bytes of advertising grew into a bottleneck. “Inner Volumes” became the most commonly mentioned word on the Internet.
21.蒋凡调任阿里海外业务，互联网再迎出海潮
21. Chiang Fan has been transferred to Ali's overseas operations and the Internet has resurfaced.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
12月6日，阿里巴巴董事会主席兼CEO张勇发出内部信，宣布公司升级“多元化治理”体系，任命戴珊和蒋凡分别负责新设立的“中国数字商业”和“海外数字商业”两大板块。蒋凡调任海外业务，代表了一个新的科技趋势——互联网企业迎来新的出海潮。
On 6 December, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alibaba and CEO Zhang Yung sent an internal letter announcing that the company would upgrade its “multiple governance” system and appoint Dashan and Jiang Fan, respectively, to the two newly created “China Digital Commerce” and “Overseas Digital Commerce.” Zhang Fan was transferred to overseas operations, representing a new scientific and technological trend – the advent of a new surge in Internet companies.
除阿里之外，许多互联网头部企业如腾讯、字节跳动、爱奇艺等已经走向海外的企业，更加注重内容出海。其中字节跳动旗下TikTok（抖音海外版）在2021年晋升全球访问量最大的互联网网站，超过了去年的领头羊、Alphabet旗下的谷歌。
In addition to Ali, many Internet headlines, such as tweets, byte beats, and ecchiatry, have moved towards overseas firms, with a greater focus on content. The bytes jumped to TikTok, the world’s largest-visit Internet site in 2021, surpassing last year’s head sheep, the Google under Alphabet.
前沿技术
Front-line technology
22.年产100亿度电！华龙一号核电机组投入商运
We have 10 billion degrees of electricity in our year!
图源：新华社
Source: Xinhua Society
年产100亿度电！这是“华龙一号”核电机组给出的数据。1月30日，全球第一台核电机组“华龙一号”投入商业运行，至此，我国成为世界为数不多的具备自主三代核电技术的国家。更重要的是，华龙一号”每台机组的年发电量能够满足中等发达国家100万人口的年度生产和生活用电，相当于每年减少标准煤消耗312万吨，减少二氧化碳排放816万吨。
On January 30, the world’s first nuclear power unit, the Hualong One, became commercially operational, making our country a small country with three generations of autonomous nuclear power technology. More importantly, the annual generation of electricity per unit, Hualong One, could meet the annual production and use of electricity for 1 million people in medium-developed countries, equivalent to a reduction in standard coal consumption of 312,000 tons per year and a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of 8.16 million tons per year.
23.NFT造富，一张作品拍出9100万美元天价
23. NFT made a fortune. A piece of work cost $91 million a day.
图源：《每一天：前5000天》
Source: Every Day: The First 5,000 Days.
NFT的造富效应还在延续。2021年3月11日，NFT作品《每一天：前5000天》以6934.6万美元 （约合人民币4.5亿元）在佳士得拍卖行成交；12月，NFT作品《Merge》总成交额近9181万美元，跻身全球在世艺术家作品成交金额的第三位。12月24日，新华社发布11万张“新闻数字藏品”，一度引发新华社App崩溃，NFT的这把火燃过了整个2021年。
On March 11, 2021, the NFT production, " Every Day: The First 5,000 Days ", was sold at an auction in Gaesca for US$ 69,346,000 (approximately US$ 450 million). In December, the NFT production, "Merge ", made up nearly US$ 91,81 million, was the third largest contributor to the world's worldwide work of artists. On December 24, Xinhua released 110,000 "news digital collections" that triggered the collapse of Xinhua App, which ignited the fire throughout 2021.
24.脑机接口新进展，猴子用意念操控电子游戏
24. New developments in brain interfaces. Monkeys' mind-playing video games.
图源：Neuralink博客
Source: Neuralink Blog
4月，马斯克的脑机接口公司Neuralink发布了一篇新的博客文章与视频。一只猕猴利用它的脑部活动学习控制一台电脑，并通过内置的Neuralink设备实现了用意念操控电子游戏。此次的实验，对于“脑机接口”技术，甚至是整个人类科技意义重大。
In April, Neuralink, Mask’s brain interface company, published a new blog article and video. A monkey uses its brain activity to learn to control a computer and achieves an intentional manipulation video game through a built-in Neuralink device.
25.超越谷歌！我国达到“量子计算优越性”里程碑
Beyond Google! We have reached the milestone of Quantum-calculation superiority.
图源：中科大官网
Source: Network of Senior Officials of China.
5月7日，中科大潘建伟团队的研究成果，62比特超导量子计算原型机「祖冲之号」问世，仅仅5个月后，「祖冲之2.0」问世，首次超越谷歌，在超导量子计算领域达到“量子计算优越性”里程碑。同样是潘建伟团队，研制的「九章2.0」刷新国际光量子操纵技术水平，「祖冲之2.0」和「九章2.0」的出现使我国成为唯一在两个物理体系中实现量子计算优越性的国家。
On May 7, the results of the study by the Central Kodapan team, the 62 bit superconductor calculating prototype, the "Azusun ", came into existence. Only five months later, "Azusuki 2.0" was born, surpassing Google for the first time, reaching a milestone in the area of superconducting quantum computing, which was also developed by the "Nine Chapter 2.0" team, which updated the international optical quantum manipulation technology, making our country the only country to achieve quantitative superiority in two physical systems.
26.我国人造太阳刷新世界纪录
26. Our artificial sun is refreshing the world record.
图源：央视新闻
Source: Visible News.
5月28日，中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院传来喜讯。我国“人造太阳”取得新突破，成功实现可重复的1.2亿摄氏度101秒和1.6亿摄氏度20秒等离子体运行，创造托卡马克实验装置运行新的世界纪录，向核聚变能源应用迈出重要一步。建成10余年来，合计超过万人次的中外科研工作者，在这个大科学装置上合力冲击“人造太阳”的梦想。
On May 28, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Fertilizer Sciences sent a message of welcome. Our “sputed Sun” made a new breakthrough, successfully achieving a repeat of 120 million degrees Celsius 101 and 160 million degrees Celsius 20 seconds of plasma, creating a new world record for the Tokamak experiment, and taking an important step towards nuclear fusion energy applications. Over 10 years of its construction, more than a million research workers, both in and out of the country, joined forces on this large scientific device to hit the dream of the artificial Sun.
27.贝佐斯上天，商业太空旅行史迎来飞跃
The history of commercial space travel has come a long way for Bezos.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
“别让他回来了！”尽管被数万名网友阻止回地球、又被对手埃隆·马斯克嘲笑，但这丝毫阻挡不了亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯筹划已久的11分钟太空之旅。7月20日21点，57岁的贝索斯乘坐自家蓝色起源公司(Blue Origin)的“新谢泼德号”火箭飞上太空。这是商业太空旅行史的飞跃，同时也意味着关于未来的竞争已延伸到未知的星空中。
“Don’t let him come back!,” despite having been prevented from returning to Earth by tens of thousands of web users and mocked by the rival Elon Mask, this does not stop the 11-minute space trip that Amazon’s founder Jeff Bezos planned. On July 20, at 21, 57-year-old Besoes flew into space on his Blue Origin “New Shepherd” rocket. This is a leap in the history of commercial space travel, and it means that competition for the future extends to unknown stars.
28.中国空间站天和核心舱发射
28. China Space Station Sky and Core Module Launch
图源：新华网
Source: Xinhuanet
2021年，我国航天事业屡获突破。4月29日，中国空间站天和核心舱在海南文昌航天发射场升空；5月29日，天舟二号货运飞船在海南文昌点火发射；6月11日，国家航天局发布天问一号探测器着陆火星首批科学影像图；6月17日，搭载神州十二号载人飞船顺利将聂海胜、刘伯明、汤洪波3名航天员送入太空；10月15日晚，神舟十三号载着翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富三名航天员再次出征。中国人的航天梦，正在实现。
On April 29, China’s space station Sky and Nucleus took off at the Hainan Wenchan launch site; on May 29, the Ark II cargo ship was launched on fire at Hainan Wenchang; on June 11, the National Space Agency (NASA) released the first scientific images of Sky-Question No. 1 landing on Mars; on June 17, three astronauts, Nie Hae-won, Liu Bing, Tang Hongbo, were successfully sent into space on board the Shengzhou 12 manned spacecraft; and on the night of October 15, the Ark No. 13 was launched with three astronauts, Shigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Gwang Fu. The Chinese space dream is being realized.
29.特斯拉发布人形机器人
Tesla releases human robots.
图源：微博
Source: Weibo
8 月 20 日，特斯拉在“特斯拉AI日”上推出了下一个大型项目：人形机器人（Tesla Bot），该机器人原型预计于明年问世。但是，特斯拉CEO马斯克并未明确表示未来是否会将其量产，他表示有很大可能将Tesla Bot带入到特斯拉汽车的车机系统里面，成为人工智能助理。当机器人被赋予人类的智慧和外形，我们应该感到兴奋还是恐慌？
On August 20, Tesla launched the next big project on Tesla-Ai Day: Tesla Bot, a prototype of which is expected to be born next year. But Tesla-Ceomask has not made it clear whether it will be produced in the future, saying that there is a good chance that Tesla Bot will be brought into the Tesla car system and become an artificial intelligence assistant. Should we be excited or panicy when robots are given human intelligence and appearance?
30.Facebook更名Meta
30. Facebook name changed to Meta
图源：网络
Source: Networks
10月29日，Facebook Connect 大会上，Facebook CEO扎克伯格表示，Facebook正式更名为Meta，股票代码也将从12月1日起由“FB”更改为“MVRS”。在长达2小时的Keynote环节，扎克伯格和一众高管在荧幕之上描绘了遥不可及的元宇宙，也就此打开了“元宇宙”世界的大门，风似乎又吹起来了。
On October 29, at the Facebook Connect conference, Facebook CEOZZACKBERG stated that Facebook was officially renamed Meta and that the stock code would be changed from FB to MVRS as of December 1. In the two-hour Keynote section, Zuckerberg and a group of high-level executives painted the remote meta-cosm on the screen and opened the door to the world of the “Megasmos” and the wind seemed to blow again.
32.Discord DAO总注册用户达3亿，Web3.0引燃硅谷投资热潮
32. Discord DAO has a total registered user of 300 million, and Web3.0 ignites a surge in investment in Silicon Valley.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
11 月 11 日，一群加密爱好者成立了一个颇为魔幻的组织——Constitution DAO，并创下一周内筹集4000多万美元的记录。DAO是一种“去中心化自组织”，以“智能合约”的方式将工作任务报表和组织流程规划写入计算机程序，并且通过这种方式进行组织管理。该组织中没有绝对的领导者和执行者之分，每个人既是领导者，也是执行者，他们依赖共同的利益和目标展开协作，这种组织打破了所有界限，只依赖于文化等内驱因素来获得组织成员之间的认同感。
On November 11, a group of cryptographers set up a magical organization — Constitution DAO — and created a record of more than $40 million in the next week. DAO is a “decentralized self-organization” that incorporates job statement and organizational process planning into computer programs in a “smart contract” and manages the organization in this way. There is no absolute division of leaders and executives, each of whom is both a leader and an executor, relying on common interests and goals for collaboration, which breaks all boundaries and relies on internal drivers such as culture to gain a sense of identity among its members.
社交软件Discord上有从事各种工作的DAO，总注册用户2021年已经达到了3亿人。DAO的火热，是Web3.0备受追捧的一个缩影，其甚至引发硅谷风投的竞相追逐。
The social software Discord has DAOs in various jobs, with a total registered user of 300 million in 2021. DAO's heat is a microcosm of Web3.0, which even triggers a race for Silicon Valley Wind.
汽车
Automobile
33.百度成立集度汽车，科技公司入局造车
33. 100% have a centralized car, and the technology company is going to build a car.
图源：百度
Source: 100 degrees
1月11日，百度联合吉利正式组建智能汽车公司，以整车制造商的身份进军汽车行业，并将众多核心技术全面赋能汽车公司；3月底，小米雷军喊出了“押上人生所有积累的战绩和声誉，为小米汽车而战”。此后，石头科技创始人昌敬、小牛电动创始人李一男等纷纷宣布造车。火热的汽车赛道挤进了诸多互联网大厂、科技公司，互联网的尽头难道变成了“造车”？这个问题暂无答案。
On 11 January, Pedujiri formally formed the Smart Motors Company to join the car industry as an entire car manufacturer and to give full power to many of its core technologies. At the end of March, the Mire Army called for “all of life's accumulated performances and reputations to fight for Mio cars.” After that, the founder of stone technology, Chang-hyun, and the founder of calf electric power, Lee, announced car-building.
34.图森未来美国上市，成为全球自动驾驶第一股
Toussain will be listed in the United States as the world's first automatic driver.
图源：图森未来官网
Source: Tucson Futures Officer Network
4月15日，自动驾驶卡车公司图森未来在美国纳斯达克上市。图森未来成立于2015年，一直专注于研发可商用的L4级别无人驾驶卡车解决方案，招股书显示，图森未来2018年、2019年、2020年营收分别为0.9万美元、71万美元、184.3万美元。由于高昂的研发与运营投入，目前尚未盈利。
On April 15, Tucson, the auto-drive truck company, will be listed in NASDAQ in the United States. Tucson will be established in the future in 2015 and will focus on developing a commercial L4-level unmanned truck solution. The offer book shows that Tucson will receive $0.9 million, $0.71 million, and $1.843 million, respectively, in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
图森未来创始人陈默在创办图森未来之前参与运营过3家公司，其中，苍穹广告（国内最早的楼宇广告平台）和深蓝兄弟（国内第二大的页游棋牌平台）已转手出售告终，车国网也是最早的汽车O2O交易平台之一。
The future founder of Tucson, Chen Mør, had been involved in the operation of three companies before the founding of Tucson's future. Among them, the Dome Advertisement (the country's first building advertising platform) and the Deep Blue Brothers (the country's second-largest board playing board platform) were finally sold and CarN was one of the first car O2O trading platforms.
36.宁德时代市值首破万亿
36. The market value of the Ningde era was trillions of dollars.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
5月最后一个交易日，动力电池龙头宁德时代大涨6%，收盘市值达到1.01万亿元，成为创业板首家市值破万亿的公司。7月7日，宁德时代股价再次大涨5%，创始人曾毓群身家达到478亿美元，首次超过马云。截止12月30日收盘，宁德时代市值已达1.38万亿元，似乎昭示着属于硬科技的造富时代正在加速到来。
On the last day of the May trade, the power-powered battery led by Ningde rose by 6%, with the closing market amounting to $1.01 trillion, becoming the first firm to start a business. On July 7, the stock price of the Ningde era rose again by 5%, with its founders standing at $478 billion, surpassing the Maun for the first time. By December, the closing date, the value of the Ningde era had reached $138 trillion, and it seemed that the era of wealth, which belonged to hard technology, was accelerating.
37.美股“造车三势力”Rivian、法拉第未来、Lucid上市
US share of car-making forces Rivian, Faraday's Future, Lucid's on the market
图源：网络
Source: Networks
7月22日，法拉第未来挂牌纳斯达克，上市首日股价经历“过山车”；仅仅四天之后，Lucid也登上纳斯达克；11月10日晚，Rivian在纳斯达克挂牌上市，成就美股历史上的第七大IPO；至此，美股造车三势力纷纷完成IPO。上市之时，三家企业尚未完成车辆交付，马斯克在社交平台发文嘲讽：“有没有可能创办一家电动汽车公司，在未交付任何汽车的情况下估值低于10亿美元！？”真金白银背后，隐藏的是实力还是泡沫，时间终会给到答案。
On July 22, Faraday’s future branded NASDAQ, with first-day stock prices going through a “car race”; just four days later, Lucid was on NASDAQ; on the night of November 10, Rivian was on the market at NASDAQ, the seventh largest IPO in the history of the United States’s achievements; and so, the three major players in the US car were completing IPOs. At the time of listing, three companies had not yet completed the delivery of their vehicles, and Mask made a mockery on social platforms: “Is it possible to start an electric car company valued less than $1 billion without delivering any cars?” Behind the real silver, is the hidden power or the bubble, and the time will come to answer.
人物
People.
39.黄峥辞职，张一鸣退休
39. Huang Yiu resigned and Zhang Yim retired.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
2021年，是互联网创始人集体“退休”的一年。3月17日，拼多多董事长黄峥宣布辞职交棒给联合创始人、现任CEO陈磊。而他将致力于食品科学和生命科学领域的研究，“去摸一摸10年后路上的石头”。5月20日，张一鸣宣布卸任CEO一职，由字节跳动联合创始人梁汝波接任。9月底，快手CEO宿华也正式提出卸任请求。江湖虽远，后会有期。
On March 17, he announced his resignation to the co-founder, the current CEO Chen. He will work on research in the field of food science and life sciences, “to touch the rocks on the road 10 years later.” On May 20, Zhang Yim announced the resignation of the CEO, which was replaced by a byte-jumping co-founder Leung Yobo.
40.杂交水稻之父袁隆平逝世
40. The father of hybrid rice, Yuan Yong, died in peace.
图源：人民日报
Source: People's Daily News
5月22日13时07分,“共和国勋章”获得者、中国工程院院士、国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心主任、湖南省政协原副主席袁隆平在长沙逝世，享年91岁。举国共哀恸，夹道送英灵。袁隆平院士是我国研究与发展杂交水稻的开创者，也是世界上第一个成功地利用水稻杂种优势的科学家，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。终其一生都在追求着“发展杂交水稻，造福世界人民”的目标。
On May 22, at 13.07, the winner of the Order of the Republic, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the Director of the National Research Centre for the Engineering of Mixed Rice and the Vice-President of the Political Consultative Council of Hunan Province, Yuan Yongping, died in Changsha, at 91 years of age. The nation mourned and delivered the spirits. Yuan was the founder of our hybrid rice for research and development, and was the world's first scientist to successfully exploit the advantages of the rice-breeding, and was hailed as the father of the hybrid rice.
41.“祖国，我回来了！”
“Motherland, I'm back!”
图源：新华社
Source: Xinhua Society
9月25日晚，华为公司首席财务官孟晚舟，结束被加拿大方面近3年的非法拘押，顺利回到祖国。1030天，身处异国他乡的煎熬和等待，令人心焦。孟晚舟表示，过去三年自己的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化，但自己相信黑暗中总有一线光明。“有五星红旗的地方，就有信念的灯塔。如果信念有颜色，那一定是中国红！”
On the night of September 25, China ended its illegal detention for almost three years by the Canadian side and returned to its homeland. For 1030 days, it was heartbreaking to be in the throes and waits of a foreign country. Mon Evening said that his life had changed dramatically over the past three years, but believed that there was always a light in the dark. “Where there were five red flags, there was a beacon of faith. If there was a colour of faith, it must be Chinese red!”
42.马斯克当选《时代》2021年度风云人物
42. Mask was elected to the Times in 2021.
图源：《时代》
Source: Times
12月13日，美国SpaceX公司创始人、特斯拉CEO埃隆·马斯克被评为年度风云人物。在今年1月份，马斯克身价超过了亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯，成为全球最富有的人；在10月份，特斯拉跻身为数不多的市值逾1万亿美元的公司之列。《时代》杂志称，“他认为自己的使命是解决全球最棘手的挑战，并在此过程中颠覆多个行业。”
On December 13, the founder of the United States company SpaceX, Tesla CEOEELON Mask, was awarded an annual character. In January this year, Musk was the richest person in the world, surpassing the founder of the Amazon, Jeff Bezos; in October, Tesla was among the few companies with a market value of more than $1 trillion.
社会事件
Social events
43.第七次全国人口普查：14亿人，老龄化加深
43. Seventh national census: 1.4 billion people with increased ageing
图源：国家统计局
Source: National Statistical Office
5月11日，国家统计局公布第七次全国人口普查主要数据结果。数据显示，全国人口共141178万人，连续十年保持低速增长态势，60岁以上老年人达2.6亿，老龄化时代迎面而来。未富先老，人才断代。而在2021年5月的最后一天，三孩生育政策落地。
On 11 May, the National Statistical Office published the main results of the seventh national census. The data show that the population of the country stands at 1,411.78 million, with a low growth rate of 260 million older persons over 60 years of age, and that the ageing era is taking place.
44.我国网民规模突破10亿
Our netizens are outnumbered by 1 billion.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
10亿网民，超7亿人口上网！8月27日，中国互联网络信息中心（CNNIC）发布了第48次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》。报告显示，我国网民规模突破10亿，超过7成人口上网；超过10类互联网应用的用户规模在5亿以上，人均每周上网时长达26.9个小时，我国形成了全球最为庞大、生机勃勃的数字社会。
One billion Internet users, more than 700 million people, have access to the Internet. On 27 August, the Chinese Internet Information Centre (CNNIC) released its forty-eighth statistical report on the state of Internet development in China. The report shows that the size of the Internet has surpassed the size of one billion people and more than 70 per cent of the population has access to the Internet; more than 500 million users of more than 10 types of Internet applications have access to the Internet and 26.9 hours per person per week, making our country one of the largest and most dynamic digital society in the world.
45.东北限电
45. Power restrictions in the north-east
图源：网络
Source: Networks
从9月23日开始，东北多地出现了用电高峰时段拉闸限电的情况。毫无征兆地断电、交通信号灯罢工、用汽车灯充当照明的店铺......一幕幕场景在社交媒体刷屏。9月29日，国家发改委强调，要科学制定实施有序用电方案，必须坚持“限电不拉闸”让电力价格合理反映电力供需和成本变化。
Since September 23, there have been periods of power surges in many parts of the north-east. There are no signs of power outages, traffic lights strikes, car lights used as a shop for lighting... A scene was painted in the social media. On September 29, the National Development and Reform Commission stressed that science would have to develop and implement an orderly power supply programme, and that it would be necessary to insist that “power-free” power prices should reasonably reflect changes in electricity supply and cost.
46.传统产业博士需求增长75.7%
46. The demand for Ph.D. in traditional industries grew by 75.7 per cent.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
8月23日，「甲子光年」发布一文，引发热议。其中提到，今年春招，传统产业界的应届博士生招聘需求同比增幅达到75.7%。4个月后的12月13日，一则名为 「程序员离开大厂进工厂」的话题在微博上火爆。一种工人的两极化流动正在悄然发生：一方面，疫情加剧了工厂的生产压力，年轻人正加速逃离传统工厂；另一方面，一些名校硕博毕业、拥有多年互联网行业技术沉淀的科技人才则把目光投向工厂、矿山，试图用科技改变老旧的行业。这场流动注定影响着中国工业的前途命运。
On August 23, A-Z-I-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y-Y. It was mentioned that, in the spring of this year, the demand for PhD students in traditional industries increased by 75.7 per cent in comparison with the previous year, on December 13, four months later, a topic called "Procedurators leaving the big factory for the factory" went on fire on microblogging. A bipolar movement of workers is happening slowly: on the one hand, the epidemic has increased production pressure in the factory, and young people are fleeing the traditional factory at an accelerated pace; on the other hand, a number of technologists who have graduated from school and many years of technology in the Internet industry have turned their eyes on the factory, the mine, and try to change the old industry with technology. This movement is destined to affect the future of Chinese industry.
47.恒大暴雷，政府公开介入恒大的债务危机
47. The Great Thunderbolt, the Government's public involvement in a persistent debt crisis.
图源：广东省人民政府
Source: Guangdong Province People's Government
12月3日，中国恒大发布公告称将无法履行一笔2.6亿美元的担保责任。此举可能触发交叉违约，广东省政府当晚约谈许家印并决定向恒大派出工作组。就此靴子落地，政府公开介入恒大的债务危机。从2021年6月开始，恒大接连爆出商票违约，理财产品不兑付，拖欠员工工资，挪用监管资金被叫停预售、拖欠供应商款项导致项目停工等一系列负面消息。
On 3 December, China announced that it would not be able to fulfil its security responsibilities of $260 million. This could trigger a cross-default, and the Guangdong provincial government interviewed Xu’s family seal that evening and decided to send a team.
48.薇娅被罚13亿，直播带货迎监管
48. Via was fined 1.3 billion dollars.
图源：国家税务总局浙江省税务局
Source: State Revenue Authority, Zhejiang Province.
12月20日下午，浙江省杭州市税务局稽查局抛下了一枚重磅炸弹。网络主播薇娅因为通过隐匿个人收入、虚构业务转换收入性质虚假申报等方式偷逃税款6.43亿元，并少缴税款0.6亿元，被追缴税款、加收滞纳金并处罚款共计13.41亿元。而这并不是个例，此前11月，雪梨、林珊珊也已因为偷税漏税被罚近亿元。随着监管的规范，这场因直播带货而起的造富运动也走向转折点。
On the afternoon of December 20, a heavy-pound bomb was dropped by the Inspectorate of the Hangzhou Municipal Revenue Authority in Zhejiang Province. Via, the host of the network, escaped 643 million yuan in taxes by concealing personal income, converting fictitious business to false declarations of income, and underpaid $600 million.
49.数字人民币个人钱包开立1.4亿个
49. The digital renminbi has 140 million personal wallets.
图源：网络
Source: Networks
截至2021年10月22日，数字人民币个人钱包开立1.4亿个，对公钱包1000万个，累计交易笔数1.5亿余笔，累计交易金额约620亿元。12月27日，2022年中国人民银行工作会议要求，全面提升金融服务与管理水平，稳妥有序推进数字人民币研发试点。同时，数字人民币将是冬奥会的科技“名片”，冬奥会有望成为数字货币应用落地的重要里程碑。
As of October 22, 2021, the digital renminbi had 140 million personal wallets, 10 million for public purses, and a cumulative amount of over 150 million transactions, with a cumulative value of about 62 billion yuan. On December 27, 2022, the People’s Bank of China working session called for an overall upgrading of financial services and management and a steady and orderly advance of the digital renminbi research and development pilot.
50.疫苗接种人数超12亿
50. Over 1.2 billion people were vaccinated
图源：央视
Source: View
2021年，疫情依旧凶猛。变异毒株德尔塔、奥密克戎相继袭来，防控手段不断升级。据国家卫生健康委相关负责人介绍，截至2021年12月25日，31个省(区、市)及新疆生产建设兵团累计报告接种新冠病毒疫苗27亿剂次，已完成全程接种人数超过12亿。也正是这些疫苗让人们免于病毒的侵袭。
By December 25, 2021, 31 provinces (districts, municipalities) and Xinjiang production and construction groups had reported a cumulative 2.7 billion doses of the new crown virus vaccine, with over 1.2 billion vaccinations completed.
透过2021年的这些瞬间，
In all these moments, in 2021,
我们可以窥见未来的一角。
We can see the tip of the future.
为的是在捕捉一闪而逝的星芒时，
In order to capture a star that has passed away,
快一点，再快一点。
Faster, faster.
最后，「甲子光年」祝所有心系明天的朋友们，新年快乐。
Finally, the Year of Light in Koshien wishes every friend of tomorrow's happy New Year.
END.
原标题：《2021：刻在时间里的50个瞬间 | 甲子光年》
Original title: 2021: 50 moments engraved in time
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论