来源：区块链铅笔Blockchain 时间：2017-04-17 09:56:03 作者：
与吸引眼球和众筹人钱包的潮流产品类似，区块链，也就是去中心化数字交易账本似乎很无趣。
Similar to tidal products that attract eyeballs and popular wallets, block chains, i.e. decentralised digital transaction books, appear to be boring.
你也许更熟悉高关注度的加密货币平台这个次要主题，其中以比特币为首，致力于全球货币系统的去中介化。真正让投资者兴奋的是更加枯燥的会计功能。这个超级安全的数字数据库将改变我们的数字化生活方式，包括银行、投资、保险和几乎所有其他在线交易。
You may be more familiar with the secondary theme of a high-profile crypto-currency platform, led by bitcoin, dedicated to de-intermediation of the global monetary system. What really excites investors is a more boring accounting function. This super-safe digital database will change our digital way of life, including banking, investment, insurance, and almost all other online transactions.
如果不是众筹社区，区块链就还不能让我们变成更加活跃的网民。众筹人在区块链技术领域投入的资金多于其他领域。区块链行业帮助众筹成为私人投资主流。众筹目前是最大的私募股权资产类别，2016年占英国所有股权投资的21％。
The block chain would not have allowed us to become a more active netizen had it not been for the community. The block chain industry has invested more in the technology of the block chain than in other areas.
此处是2017年将改变我们数字化生活的区块链技术众筹项目。
This is a technology project that will change our digital life in 2017.
区块链是什么？
What's the block chain?
首先简单讲述一下区块链历史以及为何众筹人如此支持它。故事就是新时代的加密货币创造者遇到现代加密技术之父，然后创造了安全的数字化未来。这个新的技术专家就是Vitali Buterin，他是区块链技术和以太币加密货币的开发者，以太币已经筹集了1800万美元。Buterin在加拿大滑铁卢大学（Canada’s University of Waterloo）完成了自己的构思，恰巧附近是世界级名校Perimeter Institute，诺贝尔奖得主Stephen Hawking就在这里进行了银河系研究。
A brief description of the history of the block chain and why it was so supported by the public. The story is that the new generation of cryptographic money met the father of modern encryption technology and created a secure digital future. Vitali Buterin, the new technical expert, is the developer of block chain technology and the encoded currency in Tai currency, which has already raised $18 million. Buterin has done his thinking at Canada's University of Waterloo, which happens to be close to the world-class school Perimeter Instituute, where the Nobel laureate Stephen Hawking has studied the galaxy.
区块链的伟大之处在于没有人可以控制它。所有交易参与者可以进入区块链并审核确认今后的交易。篡改区块链就好比破门而入的时候，20个带着房门钥匙的人从窗户中看着你。
The greatness of the block chain is that no one can control it. All participants can enter the block chain and check for future transactions. The tampering of the block chain is like breaking a door, and 20 people with the keys to the door look at you from the window.
假设这20个投资者通过买卖苹果公司股票连接到一起。每次投资者进行交易，就创造一个交易区块。区块是不受黑客攻击影响的苹果股票交易的数字印记。以太坊优雅的解决方案就是将图灵完备脚本语言加入区块链中，可以防止攻击。这个脚本与Alan Turing同名电影中的“图灵脚本”差别很大。这个智慧的二战解码员的图灵计算脚本创造了更强大的加密方法，使超级安全的区块链平台可以处理金融交易和虚拟资产。
Assuming that these 20 investors are connected by buying and selling Apple stock, each time an investor makes a deal, a trading block is created. The block is a digital stamp on Apple stock deals that are not affected by hackers’ attacks. The elegant solution is to add Turing’s perfect script to the chain of blocks and prevent attacks. This script is very different from the “Turing script” in Alan Turing’s film. This intelligent World War II decipherer’s Turing script creates a stronger encryption method, allowing super-safe block-chain platforms to handle financial transactions and virtual assets.
以下进行区块链技术众筹的九个金融服务得益于早期对以太坊等区块链公司的强大支持。
Nine of the following block chain technologies have benefited from early strong support for block chain companies such as Etheria.
1. 支付和银行服务
1. Payments and banking services
如果你使用数字货币，肯定用过区块链。比特币开发了第一个区块链，用来进行数字货币交易。2016年七大加密货币交易价值超过160亿美元。
If you use a digital currency, you're sure to use a block chain. Bitcoin developed the first block chain to be used for digital currency transactions. The seven major encrypted currency transactions in 2016 were worth more than $16 billion.
现在这些数字货币交易已经扩展到更多银行服务。支付巨头西联汇款（Western Union）高管Marwan Forzley就是在区块链中看到金融服务未来的创新者之一。他创建了Align Commerce，进行跨境电商的区块链平台，包括支付服务、货币交易和比特币与法币互相兑换的电汇服务。这些服务消除了传统银行服务第三方，因此费用很低。
These monetary transactions now extend to more banking services. The payment of Western Union executive Marwan Forzley is one of the innovators who sees the future of financial services in the chain of blocks.
银行服务的优步化不仅降低了费用，甚至将其完全清零。Abra Teller用点对点转账代替ATM机，提供免费的全球转账服务。其竞争者包括服务于进出口商的Circle和BitPesa。P2P借贷领导者Funding Circle致力于降低小型企业的银行贷款费用。新的P2P金融服务加剧竞争，使得消费者可以选择最低费用的服务。其中很多服务甚至提供免费的服务，希望你可以升级到价格更高的服务。
Abra Teller uses point-to-point transfers to replace ATMs and to provide free global transfer services. Its competitors include the Circle and BitPesa, which serve importers and exporters. The P2P lending leader Funding Circle works to reduce bank lending costs for small businesses. The new P2P financial services increase competition, allowing consumers to choose the lowest-cost services.
银行服务的优步化
Optimization of banking services
Circle等虚拟金融服务消除中间商，从而提供费用更低的服务。Gyft不通过第三方管理礼品卡项目，也就是说向用户收取更高费用。利用区块链管理的礼品卡可以在用户和亚马逊、星巴克或任何发卡的零售商之间创造直接的交易账本。
Gyft does not manage gift card projects through a third party, which means charging users a higher fee. A gift card using a block chain can create a direct transaction book between the user and a retailer in the Amazon, Starbuck, or any issuing card.
实体和网络银行也将提供相似的竞争服务。日本Rakuten收购比特币钱包Bitnet，在区块链上提供支付服务和转账服务，这也只是他们以收购和合作方式与区块链银行服务竞争的开端。
Similar competitive services will be offered by entities and cyberbanks. Rakuten, Japan, acquired Bitnet’s wallet to provide payment and transfer services on the block chain, which is only the beginning of their competition with block banking services through acquisition and cooperation.
2. 保险
2. Insurance
巨大的区块链保险服务市场即将形成。inSpeer的创新型众筹平台为电动汽车提供保险，激发新的模式。其同行之间相互合作，降低电动汽车保险的高额成本。
A large market for block-chain insurance services is about to emerge. InSpeer’s innovative crowd-sourcing platform provides insurance for electric cars and stimulates new models. Its peers work with each other to reduce the high cost of insurance for electric cars.
区块链还在贵重物品保险方面有巨大意义。其防止盗窃和诈骗的潜在价值是无法估量的。600亿美元艺术品市场的20％被赝品充斥。Everledger创始人Leanne Kemp说造假是1.7万亿美元的商业。这种诈骗及其他非法活动每年给保险业带来20多亿美元的损失。
Block chains are also of great significance in the insurance of valuables. Their potential value in preventing theft and fraud is incalculable. Twenty per cent of the $60 billion art market is rife with fakes. The founder of Everledger, Leanne Kemp, says that counterfeiting is a $1.7 trillion business.
如果你的曾祖父买毕加索油画是时候就有区块链，你也许就可以用销售所得参加十个大学教育了。然而每年几十亿美元的潜在艺术品销售并没有发生，因为无法确定来源，也就是所有权和真伪的鉴定。Everledger正在改变资产估值方式、追踪方式和保险方式。智能合约为宝贵资产提供永久的交易记录，打击盗窃和诈骗。Everledger在区块链上的二级市场交易所XSoar获得了投资。Everledger运行着，巴黎的盗贼就很难卖出金卡戴珊被偷的钻石戒指，因为它可以在区块链上提供永久的犯罪记录。
If your great-grandfather buys Picasso at the time you have a chain of blocks, you might be able to use the proceeds of the sale for 10 university education. Yet billions of dollars a year of potential art sales have not occurred, because it is not possible to determine the source, i.e. ownership and authenticity. Everledger is changing the way assets are valued, tracked and insured. Smart contracts provide a permanent record of valuable assets and combat theft and fraud. Everledger's second-tier market exchange on the block chain XSoar has been invested.
保险服务也将被新的区块链模式变革。Edgelogic也许已经走在前面，但它完美展示了物联网如何与区块链协同。设想家里的传感器在共享的区块链上向保险公司通知家里的火灾或失窃案。保险公司自动开始定损，通过智能传感器甚至可以远程操作，再将物品修理及调换费用转账给你，只需要几小时。
Insurance services will also be modified by the new block chain model. Edgelogic may already be in the front, but it's a perfect illustration of how the network of things works with the block chain. It takes a few hours for a household sensor to notify an insurance company of a home fire or theft on a shared block chain. The insurance company will automatically begin to disintegrate.
3. 投资
3. Investments
澳大利亚证券交易所（ ASX ，Australian Securities Exchange）说在区块链上进行证券交易只需要毫秒时间。不需要传统前端到后端操作，交易员可以在完成交易之后数秒去银行ATM机提取交易所的。
The Australian Stock Exchange (ASX, Australian Securities Exchange) states that trading in securities on block chains only takes milliseconds.
将经纪商去除的能力将使证券交易更加高效和低廉，可以降低经纪商诈骗可能。
The ability to remove brokers will make securities transactions more efficient and less expensive and reduce the potential for brokering fraud.
瑞银（UBS）在进行智能债券测试，利用与真实货币相连的BondCoins进行派息。去中心化登记处替代记录债券交易的后端，使银行获得效率和降低成本。作为这种债券的持有人，你可以看到所有公开的交易，自动获得利息支付。
UBS is testing smart bonds, using BondCoins, which is linked to real currency, to distribute interest. Decentralize the registry to replace the back end of recording bond transactions, making banks more efficient and less costly. As holders of such bonds, you can see all open transactions and automatically receive interest payments.
韩国证券交易所（Korean Stock Exchange）准备在区块链上进行场外证券交易。证券结算在中央登记处之间发生，很多经纪商经常无法确定所有人是谁。使用区块链的投资者可以自行参考所有权变更情况。
The Korean Stock Exchange is prepared to conduct off-site securities transactions on the block chain. Securities settlements occur between central registries, and many brokers are often unable to determine who their owners are.
一月份爱沙尼亚纳斯达克交易所进行测试，在区块链上进行股东投票。这终将达成投票流程透明化的目标。随着美国开始起诉大选的违法者，包括非法选民和双重计票，透明投票系统的功能显而易见。邻居可以互相告发非法投票行为。
In January, the Estonian NASDAQ Exchange tested for shareholder voting on the block chain. This will ultimately achieve the goal of transparency in the voting process. As the United States begins to prosecute violators of the general election, including illegal voters and double counting, the function of a transparent voting system is obvious.
4. 按揭贷款
4. Mortgage Loans
就因为资金结算延迟，没办法拿到房子钥匙，这是每个人都可能遇到的噩梦。搬家公司按小时收取费用。你、孩子、猫猫狗狗都在旅馆等着进新家。
Because of the delay in clearing the funds, you can't get the keys to the house, which is a nightmare for everyone. Moving companies charge an hourly fee. You, the kids, the cat and the dog are waiting in the hotel for a new home.
房地产竞争风险给交易方带来极大压力。买家、卖家、房地产经纪商、借款方、律师不停地翻看按揭交易文件。咨询公司PwC（普华永道）看到一个更高效的房地产结算流程。如果所有这些参与方都在区块链上，所有交易即时执行，所有参与方进行监控。哪怕你的律师在别的地方，也不需要等待资金结算。
Buyers, sellers, real estate brokers, borrowers, and lawyers keep reading mortgage transaction documents. The consulting firm PwC (PwC) sees a more efficient real estate settlement process. If all of these participants are on the block chain, all transactions are executed immediately, and all participants are monitored.
汇丰银行在区块链上进行资产估值测试，透明的定价可以降低房地产价格膨胀的可能性。
HSBC conducts asset valuation tests on the block chain, and transparent pricing reduces the likelihood of real estate price inflation.
5. 财富管理
5. Wealth management
雄心勃勃的区块链追逐着更高净值的银行业务。加密货币财富管理平台eStakeX可能会替代财富管理顾问。
An ambitious block chain pursues higher net-value banking. Encrypted money wealth management platform eStakeX may replace wealth management advisers.
中心化经纪人账户被替代意味着什么呢？成本更低、服务更高效、诈骗可预测及防止。假设不诚实的经纪商想低报投资收益，从你的投资账户拿走几千美元。现在你交易的每个证券及相关买进卖出都在区块链上进行。小偷需要你和区块链上所有人的许可才可以降低你的交易收益。
What does it mean that the centralized broker accounts are replaced? Lower costs, more efficient services, predictable fraud and prevention. Assumptions of dishonest brokers want to understate the return on investment, taking thousands of dollars from your investment account.
6. 投资银行
6. Investment Bank
Overstock.com是首个在区块链上进行ICO的公司，2016年发行了126000股。然而监管没有赶上区块链技术的步伐。要符合金融法规，Overstock.com就必须通过经纪商和其他传统中间商进行交易。纳斯达克已经在其区块链平台Linq上发行了上市前股份。
Overstock.com, the first company to run an ICO on a block chain, issued 126,000 shares in 2016. However, supervision failed to keep pace with block chain technology. To comply with financial regulations, Overseas.com has to trade through brokers and other traditional intermediaries. NASDAQ has issued pre-market shares on its block chain platform, Linq.
另一个加密货币ICONOMI发起了基金管理平台，2016年九月融资结束后，发行了1000亿个原生加密货币。2017年平台正式运行之后，投资者可以投资数字资产。该加密货币的价值从去年年底开始就稳定攀升。
Another encrypted currency, ICONOMI, launched the fund management platform, with 100 billion original encrypted currencies released in September 2016 after the end of the financing. After the platform became fully operational in 2017, investors could invest in digital assets. The value of the encrypted currency has stabilized since the end of last year.
进行众筹的OpenLedger是专门进行加密货币交易的交易所之一。
OpenLedger, which is publicly funded, is one of the exchanges that specializes in crypto-currency transactions.
7. 积分计划
7. Score plan
加拿大银行RBC在开发安全的积分和奖励计划的区块链系统。
经济的游戏化意味着更多奖励和积分，包括航班到填写银行表格的一切事物。没有人能够清楚说出积分诈骗规模多大，因为大多数人不关注自己的奖励账户。
The game of the economy means more rewards and credits, including everything that travels to fill out a bank form. No one can say clearly what the scale of the credit fraud is, because most people do not care about their reward accounts.
很多公司甚至直到进行奖励审计才知道自己被诈骗几百万美元。你也许已经成为这种诈骗的受害者。每次你购买东西，店员刷自己的卡，而不是你的。然后到另一个分店利用非法得来的积分购物。区块链可以公布这些员工以此获得了多少奖励。
A lot of companies don't even know they're being defrauded for millions of dollars until they do a reward audit. You may have been the victim of this kind of fraud. Every time you buy something, the shopkeeper brushes your card, not yours. Then you go to another branch and use the illegally acquired points for shopping.
8. 投资预测
8. Investment projections
区块链可能会替代投资分析吗？每次大规模市场崩溃总是归咎于疯狂的大众。但是如果你可以利用“大众的智慧”来验证预测呢？投资预测遇见群体智慧。
Is a block chain a substitute for investment analysis? Every time a large-scale market collapse is attributed to a crazy public. But what if you can use the word "people's wisdom" to verify predictions? Investment forecasts meet group wisdom.
众筹获得五百万美元的Augur要证明集体智慧可以更好的预测。谷歌股价上涨还是下跌？这个预测市场利用区块链的去中心化分布式计算网络，让许多投资者一起投票。目前预测者可以销售真实事件预测结果的虚拟股份。比如谁将赢得世界职业棒球大赛、奥斯卡或总统选举。很快这些大众分析师就会预测股价了。
The Augur, which was raised for $5 million, is proof that collective wisdom can be better predicted. Google stock prices are rising or falling. This predicting market uses a decentralized distributional computing network of block chains that allows many investors to vote.
Wings利用群体智慧进行尽调，参与众筹区块链项目投票。社区成员共同决定和预测项目可行性。众筹前，17000多位社区成员的集体智慧完成项目审核和许可。
Wings takes advantage of the community's wisdom to vote for the block chain project. The members of the community decide and predict the feasibility of the project.
相比被动的中心化控制的机器人咨询顾问的发展，大规模开源在线投资的民主性是一个传奇。
The democratic nature of large-scale open-source online investment is a legend compared to the development of passive centralized robotic consultants.
下一步是什么？进行众筹的项目将采用Ofyz提供的社区共识信用评级。
What is the next step? The publicly funded project will use the community consensus credit rating provided by Ofyz.
9. 众筹
9. People's campaigning
Wings是利用区块链技术提供去中心化众筹服务的案例，同时将更多资金投入区块链开发，及其他项目。这些网站管理成本低于传统融资网站，因为利用区块链管理支付，可以直接向公司创始人提供投资。
Wings is a case in which block-chain technology is used to provide decentralised crowd-sourcing services, while at the same time investing more in block-chain development and other projects. These website management costs are lower than those of traditional financing sites, because the block-chains are used to manage payments and can provide direct investment to the company’s founders.
新的融资模式正在形成，任何人都可以轻松地进行区块链和加密货币技术融资。
SatoshiPay支付让投资者每月向比特币公司提供资金。这个小额支付系统以比特币和区块链发明者Satoshi Nakamoto命名，只接受比特币投资。
Satoshipay pays investors to finance Bitcoin on a monthly basis. This small payment system is named after Bitcoin and Nakamoto, the inventor of the block chain, and accepts only bitcoin investments.
应用程序
application
如果你曾尝试下载比特币区块链来支付某个服务项目，大概是从100GB一直往上增加。你也许就更加喜欢直接拿出钱包的体验了。利用区块链的数字钱包有一大缺陷，下载这些巨大数字交易账本所需时间。记住每次某人使用比特币，就会加入账本中。按揭交易和几千个上市前投资者等小规模交易的账本使可控的。
If you've tried to download a bitcoin block chain to pay for a service, it's probably up from 100 gigabytes. You probably prefer the experience of taking out your wallet directly. There's a big flaw in the block chain's digital wallet, and the time it takes to download these huge digital books. Remember that every time someone uses bitcoin, it's added to the books. The books of mortgages and small transactions like thousands of pre-market investors make them manageable.
行业的答案是莱特区块链客户端。Waves平台通过Waves公共节点获取BlockChain信息。而不是下载，同时可以创建地址，我完成交易签名和验证。这些创新引领着区块链应用的开发，以Waves和Lisk为主导。Stratis企业及技术的ICO筹集了100000美元，旨在加快区块链应用开发速度。
The industry's answer is the Leddon chain client. The Waves platform captures Block Chain information through the Waves public node. Instead of downloading, I can create an address, and I complete the transaction signature and validation. These innovations lead to the development of block chain applications, led by Waves and Lisk. The ICO of Stratis Enterprises and Technology raised $100,000 to speed up the development of block chain applications.
大多数用户利用这些应用的方式类似使用网银和PayPal支付，对背后的技术漠不关心。但是如果他们遇到金融交易诈骗，就会有区块链完整的交易记录来支持他们。
Most users use these applications in ways similar to the use of online silver and PayPal payments, with no concern for the technology behind them. But if they encounter financial fraud, they are supported by a complete chain of transactions.
区块链可以多大程度提高效率呢？银行支持的数字账本系统Hyperledger说，可以在一秒内进行几千笔交易。公司资金来源于主流的蓝筹银行，这些银行现在同意开发、投资和利用更加安全的数字账本系统来提供金融服务，与其他领先者竞争。
The bank-backed digital accounting system Hyperledger says that thousands of transactions can be made within a second. Companies are funded by mainstream blue-fin banks, which now agree to develop, invest in and use safer digital accounting systems to provide financial services in competition with other leaders.
区块链最大的挑战是监管合规以及与现有中心化技术和数据库的兼容。Overstock.com就是如此，但是随着区块链进入证券交易和结算，财富管理将遇到更多监管障碍。
The greatest challenge in block chains is regulatory compliance and compatibility with existing centralized technologies and databases. This is the case with Overstock.com, but as block chains enter securities trading and settlement, wealth management will encounter additional regulatory barriers.
40多个大型全球银行已经与区块链初创企业数字资产控股（Digital Asset Holdings）和R3合作研究区块链技术和兼容问题。他们已经开始在前端到后端的银行服务中进行区块链试验。2016年一月银行筹集的五千万美元数字资产证明了他们对区块链金融服务的信心。
More than 40 large global banks have worked with Digital Asset Holdings and R3 to study block chain technology and compatibility issues. They have started testing block chains in front-to-back banking services. The $50 million in digital assets raised by banks in January 2016 attest to their confidence in block chain financial services.
结论
Conclusion
区块链的进展和新服务并没有把原来的比特币甩在身后。相反比特币市值在二月份达到180亿美元。目前一个比特币价值超过1000美元，在全球40多个交易所进行交易。随着比特币的增长，将遇到监管阻碍。由于缺乏监管，中国二月份暂停了比特币交易所交易。香港、波兰等监管机构呼吁监管去中心化货币。在可预见的未来，区块链技术还是可靠的博弈。基于这个技术的货币也许因为未来监管风向的变化而出现波动。
In February, China suspended the Bitcoin exchange in February, owing to a lack of regulation. Hong Kong, Poland, etc., called for regulation of decentralized currency. In the foreseeable future, block chain technology is still a reliable game. Currency based on this technology may fluctuate as a result of changes in future regulatory winds.
互联网经济一直承诺更快更好更智能的经济。一个足够智慧，可以兑现这些承诺的平台似乎终于出现了。
The Internet economy has been committed to a faster, more intelligent economy. A platform with sufficient wisdom to deliver on those promises seems to have finally emerged.
责任编辑：陈近梅
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论