上周，比特币得到了中国法院的合法认可，据此得出的结论是，这种加密货币现在应该被视为数字财产。
Last week, Bitcoin was legally accepted by the Chinese courts, which led to the conclusion that this encrypted currency should now be considered digital property.
杭州互联网法院18日对一起涉“比特币”网络财产侵权纠纷案件进行宣判，认定比特币的虚拟财产地位。但因原告向被告主张侵权责任的依据不足，驳回原告全部诉讼请求。这也是中国法院首次认可比特币的虚拟财产属性。
On 18th, the Hangzhou Internet Court issued a judgment in a dispute concerning the tort of “bitcoin” Internet property, finding Bitcoin’s virtual property status. However, the plaintiff’s claim for tort liability was dismissed because the basis for the plaintiff’s claim to the defendant was insufficient. This was the first time that a Chinese court accepted Bitcoin’s virtual property identity.
杭州网络法院做出决定的裁决是会见了一些社区成员的热情，中国一直是以严厉的司法管辖着数字货币，而这个史无前例的事件侧面反映了中国可能很快放宽对比特币的压力。然而，一些专家不太有信心称其为监管解冻。
The decision of the Hangzhou Network Court was taken with enthusiasm from some community members, and China has been exercising strict jurisdiction over the digital currency, an unprecedented event that suggests that China may soon ease the pressure on Bitcoin. However, some experts are less confident about calling it regulatory unfrozen.
中国与加密货币的关系
Relationship between China and encrypted currency
中国是加密领域的关键参与者，在比特币的开采和交易中占有相当大的份额。另一项研究显示，根据2018年末的一项研究，BTC的哈希总功率中约60%来自中国，而此前不受监管的国内加密货币交易所为全球60%的稳定系加密货币(USDT)交易提供了渠道。
China is a key participant in encryption, accounting for a significant share of Bitcoin mining and trading. Another study shows that, according to a study in late 2018, about 60% of BTC's total Hashi power came from China, while the previously unregulated domestic cryptographic currency exchange provided a channel for 60% of the world's stable USDT transactions.
尽管数据如此之高，但由于监管方面的压制，中国的加密货币业受到了明显的限制。2017年9月，国内有关部门禁止地方交易所和首次公开发行货币(ICO)运营。由于此次打击行动，中国人可以持有加密货币，但不能通过交易平台合法地将它们兑换成法定货币。然而，Kenetic Capital联合创始人Jehan Chu表示，该禁令存在一个小小的监管漏洞：该禁令并未直接禁止人们相互交换加密货币。
Despite this high level of data, China’s encryption money industry is clearly constrained by regulatory repression. In September 2017, the domestic authorities banned local exchanges and the first public distribution of currency ( Jehan Chu当时说：“虽然交易比特币的交易所和公司在中国被禁止个人拥有比特币，但比特币交易并未被判违法。这为个人拥有留下了空间，而中国的机构贸易已经转移到海外，但没有受到影响。” Jehan Chu said at the time: “Although the exchanges and companies trading in bitcoin are prohibited from owning bitcoin in China, bitcoin transactions are not criminalized. This leaves room for personal possession, and Chinese institutional trade has been transferred abroad, but it has not been affected.” Ecovis R&G咨询有限公司的高级法律经理Ashley Tian当时证实，P2P交易并未断绝。“请注意，购买、出售或持有加密货币本身并不违反相关法律，”Ashley Tian强调，当地居民必须使用外汇购买数字货币，但也要通知当地监管机构他们的投资和纳税。 Ashley Tian, Senior Legal Manager, Ecovis R&G Consulting Ltd., confirmed that the P2P transaction had not been cut off. “Please note that the purchase, sale or possession of encrypted currency is not in itself a violation of the law.” Ashley Tian stressed that local residents must use foreign currency to purchase digital currency, but also inform local regulators of their investments and taxes. 与此同时，国内有报道称，2017年的禁令可能会扩展到其他与加密货币相关的领域，即采矿和营销。因此，今年早些时候，有消息称，一家地方政府机构正在考虑禁止在中国境内进行加密货币开采，而据报道，北京的一些偏远地区禁止所有商业场所举办任何与加密货币相关的活动。 At the same time, there are domestic reports that the 2017 ban could be extended to other areas related to encrypted currency, namely mining and marketing. Thus, earlier this year, there were reports that a local government agency was considering banning encrypted currency mining in China, while some remote areas in Beijing were reported to have prohibited all activities related to encrypted currency in all commercial establishments. 值得注意的是，尽管加密货币在国内一直受到严格的监管审查，但比特币的基础技术是国内的一项优先事项，区块链还被认同为技术突破，而中国东部浙江省省会杭州市主办了区块链工业园区，这是一个由国家资助的区块链开发中心。 It is worth noting that, although encrypted currency has been subject to strict regulatory scrutiny in the country, the basic technology of Bitcoin is a national priority and the block chain has been recognized as a technological breakthrough, while the city of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, in eastern China, hosts the Block Chain Industrial Park, a State-funded block chain development centre. 杭州的裁决：看涨还是中性？ Hangzhou award: rising or neutral? 7月18日，杭州互联网法院正在监管一家现已关闭的交易所与其用户吴某之间的一场纠纷。 On 18 July, the Hangzhou Internet Court was overseeing a dispute between an now closed exchange and its user, Wu. 据报道，2013年，吴以2万元人民币的价格从淘宝网上的一家名为FXBTC的平台上购买了2.675亿比特币，并将其储存在淘宝网上的一个数字钱包里。原告称，2017年5月，他试图访问自己的资金，但发现FXBTC的网站早在2014年就关闭了。吴无法联系该平台的管理人员，因此无法取回他持有的比特币。 According to the plaintiff, in May 2017, he tried to access his own funds, but found that the FXBTC website was closed as early as 2014. Wu was unable to contact the platform's manager and was therefore unable to retrieve the bitcoin he held. 随后，吴对FXBTC提起了诉讼，据称FXBTC在关闭该平台之前没有发出任何通知。他还起诉淘宝允许“加密货币等违禁物品”在其市场上市——尽管2017年晚些时候中国禁止了比特币交易。吴要求FXBTC和淘宝支付约76,300元人民币的赔偿金。 Subsequently, Wu filed a lawsuit against FXBTC, which allegedly did not give any notice before closing the platform. He also sued Goo for allowing “encrypted money and other prohibited items” to be marketed in his market — although China banned Bitcoin from trading in late 2017. Wu demanded that FXBTC and Goo pay compensation of about RMB 76,300. 尽管由于缺乏证据，法院驳回了原告对FXBTC和淘宝的指控，但它承认，比特币是一种商品，因为它具有价值，稀缺，可以用来转移价值。然而，杭州互联网法院指出，比特币等数字货币“不具有官方货币的合法性”。 Despite the lack of evidence, the Court dismissed the plaintiff's allegations against FXBTC and treasure-hunting, but it admitted that Bitcoin was a commodity because it was valuable and scarce and could be used to transfer value. However, the Hangzhou Internet Court noted that digital currencies such as Bitcoin “do not have the legitimacy of official currency”. 值得注意的是，中国人民银行自那以来证实了这一裁决。“的确，比特币是虚拟财产，但它不是法定货币，”央行一名官员在当地英文报纸《环球时报》发表的一篇文章中表示。 It is worth noting that the People's Bank of China has confirmed this decision since then. “It is true that Bitcoin is virtual property, but it is not a legal currency.” An official of the Central Bank said in an article published in the local English-language newspaper, The Global Times. Primitive Ventures的创始合伙人Dovey Wan在Twitter上向讲英语的加密货币学社区透露了这一消息。他认为，此案标志着中国加密货币监管的一个里程碑。 The founder partner of Premitive Ventures, Dovey Wan, leaked this information on Twitter to the English-speaking encoded money community. In his view, the case marked a milestone in China's encrypt currency regulation. 他在与Cointelegraph的电子邮件对话中写道：“这一裁决来自杭州互联网法院，而不是随机来自三线城市的法院，它是中国三大专门的互联网/网络法院之一。因为这是第一次，它实际上为比特币的后续案件树立了一个叙事先例。” He wrote in an e-mail conversation with Cointelegraph: “This decision came from the Hangzhou Internet Court, not from the three-line city court, and it was one of three specialized Internet/network courts in China. For the first time, it actually set a narrative precedent for the follow-up case of Bitcoin.” 他还表示，如果中国人民银行对比特币的普遍看法是负面的，法院将无法做出这一决定，这可能被视为承认加密货币的态度转变。同样，朱棣文认为，法院的裁决“为中国未来的加密货币法律的发展和放松树立了一个先例”——如果不是法律上的，那么至少在社会上是这样。 He added that, if the prevailing view of the People's Bank of China, Bitcoin, was negative, the court would not be able to take that decision, which might be seen as a change in attitude in recognition of encrypted currency. Similarly, Zhu Jianwen argued that the court's ruling “set a precedent for the development and relaxation of China's future encrypt currency law” — at least in society, if not legally. 然而，一些专家，比如分散式云计算网络Aelf的联合创始人陈竹林，不同意这一裁决标志着任何重大变化。 However, some experts, such as the co-founder of Aelf's distributed cloud computing network, Chen Take-lin, disagreed with this ruling and marked any significant change. 陈竹林表示：“我个人并不认为这是中国对比特币政策的重大改变。这是一个地区警察的案件，我在中国的传统媒体上没有看到太多的报道，除了在加密货币界。当然，在未来的案件中，此案有可能被用作一个先例，以捍卫比特币是一种虚拟财产，但我认为，中国的立法根本不使“比特币开采”或“比特币交易”合法。据我所知，当地政府仍在全国各地打击比特币采矿场。” According to Chen, “I personally do not think that this is a major change in China’s Bitcoin policy. This is a regional police case, and I don’t see much in China’s traditional media, except for encryption money. Of course, in future cases, this case may be used as a precedent to defend Bitcoin as a virtual property, but I think that Chinese legislation does not legalize “bitcoin mining” or “bitcoin trading” at all. 事实上，2018年10月，深圳国际仲裁法院在审查类似纠纷时也裁定，比特币等加密货币作为财产受到法律保护。在类似纠纷中，被告未能按照合同约定返还其持有的BTC、BCH和BCD。以加密货币为重点的媒体也同样看好这一消息，但该法令最终并未改变中国的监管形势。当时，仲裁员发现争议项下的合同义务不属于2017年禁令中概述的相关规定。 In a similar dispute, the defendant failed to return BTC, BCH, and BCD, which he had contracted to hold. The news was equally well received by the media, which focused on encrypted currency, but the decree ultimately did not change China’s regulatory situation. At that time, the arbitrator found that the contractual obligations under the dispute did not fall within the relevant provisions outlined in the 2017 injunction. 他宣称：“没有法律或法规明确禁止各方持有比特币或比特币的私人交易，而是提醒公众注意投资风险。”本案合同规定了两个自然人之间返还比特币的义务，不属于《关于防范补贴发行融资风险的公告》中规定的ICO融资活动。” He stated: “There is no law or regulation expressly prohibiting parties from holding private transactions in bitcoin or bitcoin, but rather alerting the public to investment risks.” The contract in this case imposed an obligation to return bitcoin between two natural persons and was not part of the financing activity 因此，法官认为该合同具有法律约束力，并补充说，“比特币具有财产性质，可以由当事人拥有和控制，能够提供经济价值和利益。” Accordingly, the judge considered the contract to be legally binding and added that “bitcoin is property in nature, can be owned and controlled by the parties and can provide economic value and benefits.” 同样，美国国税局(IRS)也将加密货币视为财产，这意味着那些为了盈利而出售加密货币的人要缴纳资本利得税。 Similarly, the United States Revenue Service (IRS) treats encrypted currency as property, which means that those who sell encrypted currency for profit pay a capital gain tax. 中国对加密货币的看法会因为天秤座而改变吗？ Will China's view of encrypted currency change because of the Libra? 不管杭州的案例如何，由于Facebook的天平座的到来，中国的监管格局可能很快会发生变化。本月早些时候，中国央行行长王欣在接受《南华早报》采访时表示，作为对天秤座的回应，央行正在开发自己的数字货币。
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