一、区块链是什么
What's the block chain?
区块链是分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制、加密算法等计算机技术的新型应用模式。所谓共识机制是区块链系统中实现不同节点之间建立信任、获取权益的数学算法。
Block chains are new applications of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, etc. The so-called consensus mechanisms are mathematical algorithms that build trust and gain rights between nodes in block chain systems.
区块链是分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制、加密算法等计算机技术的新型应用模式。所谓共识机制是区块链系统中实现不同节点之间建立信任、获取权益的数学算法。
Block chains are new applications of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, etc. The so-called consensus mechanisms are mathematical algorithms that build trust and gain rights between nodes in block chain systems.
区块链(Blockchain)是比特币的一个重要概念，火币网联合清华大学五道口金融学院互联网金融实验室、新浪科技发布的《2014—2016全球比特币发展研究报告》提到区块链是比特币的底层技术和基础架构[2] 。本质上是一个去中心化的数据库，同时作为比特币的底层技术。区块链是一串使用密码学方法相关联产生的数据块，每一个数据块中包含了一次比特币网络交易的信息，用于验证其信息的有效性(防伪)和生成下一个区块。
Blocklink is an important concept of Bitcoin, and the Global Bitcoin Development Study 2014-2016, published by the Qinghua University's five-lane Finance Institute, and Xinwa Technology, refers to the block chain as the bottom technology and infrastructure of Bitcoin [2]. In essence, it is a decentralized database and serves as the bottom technology of Bitcoin. The block chain is a series of data blocks associated with cryptography, each containing information on a Bitcoin network transaction to verify the validity of its information (counterfeiting) and to generate the next block.
二、区块链的含义
区块链(Blockchain)是比特币的一个重要概念,本质上是一个去中心化的数据库,同时作为比特币的底层技术。区块链是一串使用密码学方法相关联产生的数据块,每一个数据块中包含了一次比特币网络交易的信息,用于验证其信息的有效性(防伪)和生成下一个区块。
Block chains (Blockchain) are an important concept of Bitcoin and are essentially a decentralised database, while serving as a bottom-of-the-line technology for bitcoin. Block chains are a series of data blocks that are linked by cryptography, each containing information from a Bitcoin network transaction to verify the validity of its information (false security) and to generate the next block.
狭义来讲,区块链是一种按照时间顺序将数据区块以顺序相连的方式组合成的一种链式数据结构,并以密码学方式保证的不可篡改和不可伪造的分布式账本。广义来讲,区块链技术是利用块链式数据结构来验证与存储数据、利用分布式节点共识算法来生成和更新数据、利用密码学的方式保证数据传输和访问的安全、利用由自动化脚本代码组成的智能合约来编程和操作数据的一种全新的分布式基础架构与计算范式。
In a narrow sense, block chains are a chained data structure that sequences the data blocks sequentially, and secures non-defeating and non-false distributed accounts by cryptography. Broadly, block chain technology is a completely new distributional base structure and computational paradigm that uses block-chain data structures to validate and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, use cryptography to secure data transmission and access, and use smart contracts made up of automated script codes to program and operate data.
三、创世区块
Three, Genesis Block
该概念在中本聪的白皮书中提出,中本聪创造第一个区块,即“创世区块”。
The concept was set out in the White Paper of the Centre, which created the first block, the Genesis Block.
2009年1月3日,比特币的创始人中本聪在创世区块里留下一句永不可修改的话:
On 3 January 2009, Benz, the founder of Bitcoin, left an unalterable sentence in the founding block:
“TheTimes03/Jan/2009Chancelloronbrinkofsecondbailoutforbanks(2009年1月3日,财政大臣正处于实施第二轮银行紧急援助的边缘)。”
“The Times03/Jan/2009Chancelloronbrinskefsecondbailoutforbanks (on 3 January 2009, the Minister of Finance was on the verge of implementing the second round of bank emergency assistance).
当时正是英国的财政大臣达林被迫考虑第二次出手纾解银行危机的时刻,这句话是泰晤士报当天的头版文章标题。
That was the moment when British Treasury Secretary Daring was forced to consider a second attempt to alleviate the banking crisis, which was the headline of the newspaper's headlines of the day.
区块链的时间戳服务和存在证明,第一个区块链产生的时间和当时正发生的事件被永久性的保留了下来。
The time-stamping services and existence of the block chain prove that the timing of the first block chain and the events that were taking place at that time were permanently preserved.
比特币公司BTCC于2015年推出了一项服务“千年之链”即区块链刻字服务,就是采用的以上原理。用户可以将通过这项服务将文字刻在区块链上,永久保存。
By 2015, Bitcoin’s BTCC introduced a service, the “Millennium Chain” or block-chain engraving, which is the same principle. Users can use this service to carve text into the block-chain and save it permanently.
四、区块链的发展
区块链诞生自中本聪的比特币,自2009年以来,出现了各种各样的类比特币的数字货币,都是基于公有区块链的。
The block chain was born out of the smart bitcoin, and since 2009 there have been a variety of digital currencies similar to the bitcoin, all based on the public sector block chain.
数字货币的现状是百花齐放,列出一些常见的:bitcoin、litecoin、dogecoin、OKcoinetc,除了货币的应用之外,还有各种衍生应用,如NXT,SIA,比特股,MaidSafe,Ripple,Ethereum等等。
The status quo of the digital currency is one of the most common: bitcoin, litecoin, dogecoin, OKcoinetc, in addition to currency applications, there are various derivative applications such as NXT, SIA, Bitt, Maid Safe, Ripple, Etherum, etc.
可以用区块链的一些领域可以是:
Some of the areas in which the block chain could be used could be:
?智能合约
♪ Smart contracts
?证券交易
♪ Securities trading
?电子商务
♪ E-commerce
?物联网
♪ Things on the net ♪
?社交通讯
♪ Social newsletters
?文件存储
♪ File storage
?存在性证明
♪ There's proof of existence ♪
?身份验证
♪ Identifier
?股权众筹
♪ That's the way it's gonna be ♪ ♪ That's the way it's gonna be ♪ ♪ that's the way it's gonna be ♪ that's the way it's gonna be ♪ ♪ that's the way it's gonna be ♪ that's the way it's gonna be ♪ ♪ that's the way it's gonna be ♪ that's the way it's gonna be ♪
我们可以把区块链的发展类比互联网本身的发展,未来会在internet上形成一个比如叫做finance-internet的东西,而这个东西就是基于区块链,它的前驱就是bitcoin,即传统金融从私有链、行业链出发(局域网),bitcoin系列从公有链(广域网)出发,都表达了同一种概念——数字资产(DigitalAsset),最终向一个中间平衡点收敛。
We can compare the development of block chains to the development of the Internet itself, and in the future we will form an object on the Internet, such as a financial-internet, which is based on a block-based chain, which is driven by bitcoin, which is traditional finance starting from the private chain, from the industry chain (LAN), and from the public chain (WAN), which expresses the same concept — Digital Assets (DigitalAsset) — and eventually from an intermediate point of balance.
区块链的进化方式是:
The blocks chain evolves by:
?区块链1.0——数字货币
? block chain 1.0 — digital currency
?区块链2.0——数字资产与智能合约
♪ block chain 2.0 ♪ Digital assets and smart contracts
?区块链3.0——DAO、DAC(区块链自洽组织、区块链自洽公司)-->区块链大社会(科学,医疗,教育etc,区块链+人工智能)。
? block chain 3.0 - DAO, DAC (block chain self-organized, block chain self-connected) - > block chain community (science, medical, educational etc., block chain + artificial intelligence).
五、区块链的分类
区块链目前分为三类,其中混合区块链和私有区块链可以认为是广义的私链:
The block chain is currently divided into three categories, of which the mixed block chain and the private block chain can be considered to be a broader private chain:
① 公有区块链(PublicBlockChains)
1 Public Block Chain (PublicBlock Chains)
公有区块链是指:世界上任何个体或者团体都可以发送交易,且交易能够获得该区块链的有效确认,任何人都可以参与其共识过程。公有区块链是最早的区块链,也是目前应用最广泛的区块链,各大bitcoins系列的虚拟数字货币均基于公有区块链,世界上有且仅有一条该币种对应的区块链。
The public block chain means that any individual or group in the world can send a transaction and that the transaction can be validly identified in the block chain, and anyone can participate in the consensus process. The public block chain is the earliest and the most widely applied block chain, with the large bitcoins series of virtual digital currencies based on the public block chain, with the world having and only one chain of blocks corresponding to that currency.
② 联合(行业)区块链(ConsortiumBlockChains)
2 United (industry) block chain (Consortium Block Chains)
行业区块链:由某个群体内部指定多个预选的节点为记账人,每个块的生成由所有的预选节点共同决定(预选节点参与共识过程),其他接入节点可以参与交易,但不过问记账过程(本质上还是托管记账,只是变成分布式记账,预选节点的多少,如何决定每个块的记账者成为该区块链的主要风险点),其他任何人可以通过该区块链开放的API进行限定查询。
The industry block chain: each block is generated jointly by all pre-selected nodes (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process) and other access nodes can be involved in the transaction, although limited queries can be made by any other person through the bookkeeping process (in essence or in trust, only into distributed accounts, the number of pre-selected nodes, and how to determine how the bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point in the block chain).
③ 私有区块链(privateBlockChains)
3 Private Block Chain (private Block Chains)
私有区块链:仅仅使用区块链的总账技术进行记账,可以是一个公司,也可以是个人,独享该区块链的写入权限,本链与其他的分布式存储方案没有太大区别。目前(Dec2015)保守的巨头(传统金融)都是想实验尝试私有区块链,而公链的应用例如bitcoin已经工业化,私链的应用产品还在摸索当中。
Private block chains: Recording is done solely by using block chain masters, either as a company or as an individual, with exclusive access to the block chain, which is not so different from other distributed storage schemes. The conservative giants (traditional finance) are now trying to experiment with private block chains, while public chain applications, such as bitcoin, are industrialized, and private chain applications are still being explored.
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