区块链技术范文

区块链技术范文第1篇

区块链的计算能力

Computability of block chains

无发钞机构、去中心化、去信任化的电子现金系统的实现，依赖于每一个参与者自身，“人人为我，我为人人”是区块链的精髓。每一个人手上都有一个总账，总账上记录着包括自己在内所有人的交易记录，每个人都可以指着任意一笔记录与其他人核对，保证大家账本的统一一致，人、事、物、时完全相符且客观真实，这就是共享账本。比特币的区块链网络会给勤奋记账的人以激励，在每一轮区块建立的过程中只有他记的账会被传播给大家，并让大家验证。大家对他的辛勤劳动及记账结果一致认可后，新的账目就被添加到了共享账本中去。获得记账权的人会被奖励一些比特币，于是，整个记账验证机制被称为工作量证明。

Each person has a master account, which records the transactions of all people, including himself, and can be reconciled with any other person by pointing to a single record, ensuring that the books are consistent, that people, things, goods, and time are fully consistent and objective, that is, that the books are shared. The Bitcoin network of blocks provides incentives for hard-working book keepers, and that only his books are disseminated and validated in the course of each round. Once the hard work and the results of the accounts are consistently acknowledged, the new accounts are added to the shared books. The person who gets the rights to account is rewarded with some bitcoins, so that the entire accounting validation mechanism is referred to as proof of workload.

这个体现记账勤奋程度的标准被称为算力，而算力正是区块链安全的根基。由于每一个节点都需要通过不断地计算来解出一个基于前一个区块信息所产生的特解，而这个计算的过程还需要不断打包验证网络中其他节点产生的交易数据，因此整个过程就像是为获得比特币奖励而进行的验证工作。这个过程被形象地称为挖矿。工作量证明机制意味着区块链的安全来源于现实世界人们共同的劳动投入。由于每一个特解都包含了前一个区块的信息，而一个特解的产生及被网络成功验证就意味着新区块的形成，每一个新区块都叠在上一个区块之上。于是，以前形成的区块就像地表以下的岩层，越久远的埋得越深，也越不可能被触碰到或者被篡改。不可伪造、不可篡改正是区块链建立信任机制、打造价值互联网络的基础。

As each node needs to be constantly calculated to decipher a breakdown based on the information of the previous block, and the process of calculation needs to be continuously packaged to verify transaction data generated by other nodes in the network, the whole process is like a validation exercise to obtain a bitcoin reward. The process is visualized as mining. The workload proof mechanism means that the safety of the block chain is derived from labour inputs shared by people in the real world. Since each node contains information on the previous block, the creation of a special node and its successful validation by the network means the formation of a new block, each of which is stacked over the previous block. So, the blocks that have been formed are as deep as the rock formation below the surface, and are less likely to be touched or tampered with.

区块链之沉浮

The Drifting of Block Chains

在2011年5月以前，参与到比特币区块链验证当中的算力并不充裕，比特币也并未获得太多人的关注。但到2011年底，通过算力记账获得比特币的挖矿行为逐渐普及。人们开始发掘出了专业的芯片FPGA用于输出算力，能耗只有GPU挖矿的1/4，比特币开始越来越紧密地与现实资源相联通。从2012年到2013年，人们开始意识到利用ASIC硅晶芯片进行算力输出可以大幅提升挖取比特币的速度，并能比FPGA更为节能。于是，多家机构相继开始研发ASIC比特币挖矿芯片。从此，比特币挖矿以及比特币本身开始形成产业。

By the end of 2011, however, by the end of 2011, the mining of bitcoin was becoming more widespread through arithmetic accounting. People began to discover a professional chip, the FPGA, for export purposes, with only one quarter of the GPU digging, and Bitcoin becoming increasingly connected to real resources. From 2012 to 2013, people began to realize that using the ASIC silicon chip for power output would significantly increase the speed at which the bitcoins were extracted, and could be more efficient than the FPGA.

2013年至今，全网输出算力从2.5T飙升至1400P（1P=1000T），是原来的约56万倍。算力的规模越大、节点越分散，区块链网络就越安全，对权力与利益机构的防御能力就越强，对应的区块链应用也就越有保障。2013年底，比特币币价超越1000美元，并于11月29日下午达到最高价格1242美元，超过了一盎司黄金1241.98美元的报价。从某种意义上说，此时此刻比特币成为了真正的数字黄金。促使比特币价疯涨的推动力，除了挖矿芯片与设备研发的军备竞赛以外，最为直接的因素来自于比特币交易所这些推动对比特币进行直接投资的入口的激增。

By the end of 2013, the price of Bitcoin exceeded US$ 1,000 and reached its highest price of US$ 1242 on the afternoon of 29 November, exceeding the offer of US$ 1241.98 per ounce of gold. At this point, Bitcoin became, in a sense, real digital gold.

随着币价的不断攀升，大量的交易所也相继出现。中国的OKCoin、美国的Coinbase便是其中最具影响力的交易所。更多的交易入口也吸引了更多投机者的涌入。2013年5月，中国的OKCoin比特币交易所成立，3个月后即达到每月26亿的交易量，同年12月更是创造了单天交易量40亿的惊人数额，从而一举成为了全球最大交易所。

China’s OKCoin, and the US’s Coinbase, are the most influential ones. More trading entry points also attract more speculators.

然而，比特币在支付领域的发展表现一般。2013年以来，相比于钱包之间的支付交易，通过交易所交易的比特币倍数常年保持在10倍以上，即每11笔交易有起码10笔源于对比特币的买卖炒作，而非针对服务或商品支付。根据Coinmap的资料显示，全球可用比特币进行线下支付的实体店仅为7709家，在中国只有北上深、港澳台和西安等地有约10家店铺支持比特币。另外，各国政策对比特币货币属性的限制，也导致了比特币作为货币基本的支付功能未能真正普及。

Since 2013, the number of bitcoins traded through an exchange has remained more than 10 times the number of times since 2013, i.e., at least 10 out of every 11 transactions originated in bitcoin, rather than for services or goods. According to Coinmap, only 7709 real-estate shops can be paid off by bitcoins worldwide, with only about 10 stores supporting bitcoins in China’s northward depths, Hong Kong, and Xiaan.

区块链之产业链

The Industrial Chain of Block Chains

算力挖矿行业的出现不仅打通了区块链与现实资源之间的通道，更帮助区块链领域形成了第一条相对完整的产业链体系（图1）。而这一条产业链也从单纯的在比特币挖矿与交易的过程中获取财富，进化到了从区块链产业生态中去创造财富。随着区块链生态的完善和进化速度的加快，这一产业创造财富的能力也在与日俱增。

The emergence of the arithmetic mining industry has not only opened the way between the block chain and the real resources, but has helped the block chain area to form the first relatively complete system of industrial chains (figure 1), which has evolved from simply extracting and trading wealth in bitcoin to creating wealth from the ecosystem of the block chain. As the ecological improvement and evolution of the chain has accelerated, the capacity of the industry to generate wealth has grown.

1.芯片研发与区块链计算机生产。比特币区块链安全基础的算力芯片是整个产业链的源头。芯片内部结构的研发设计由算力芯片的专业团队完成，而硅晶芯片的实际生产则是外包给台积电、三星、高通、因特尔等专业芯片代工厂进行生产，这个生产过程被称为流片。嘉楠耘智（清华长三角研究院投资）等芯片研发团队也由于关注到了区块链领域的机会，从而设计量产了多款针对区块链领域的专用超算芯片。

A chip development and block-chain computer production. Arithmetic chips based on the security base of the bitcoin block chain are the source of the entire industrial chain. The internal chip structure is designed by a professional team of algorithms, while the actual production of silicone chip is outsourced to specialized chip-for-work plants such as tiles, three stars, high access, and Intel. This process is called a drifting chip.

在经历了比特币币价的大起大落之后，当前市场上仍具竞争力的主要超算芯片团队有中国的嘉楠耘智、比特大陆、海外的Bitfury（中国信贷 投资）和21 Inc.（高通投资）。技术与资本是决定区块链计算机行业优胜劣汰的核心因素。运作良好的区块链计算机研发与生产企业一般拥有良好的现金流，但每个行业都有寒冬期。矿企竞争目前已经逐渐进入寡头阶段，之后的竞争不仅考验团队的技术研发能力，同样也考验团队的资本运作能力。

After a sharp rise in bitcoin prices, the main super-arimental chip teams that are still competitive in the current market are Kanan Ji, Bit continent, Bitfury (China credit investment) and 21 Inc. (High-Town investment). Technology and capital are central to the success and weakness of the sector’s chain computer industry. Well-functioning block-chain computer research and development and production firms generally have good cash flows, but each industry has a winter period. Mining competition is now gradually entering the oligarchy phase, and then competition is testing not only the team’s technical R&D capabilities, but also the team’s capital performance.

2.矿场。所谓矿场，就是将一台封装数十至数百颗芯片单体通电运行的小型区块链计算机，进化为部署几万至几十万台区块链计算机的大型机房。为了降低能源消耗，原本仅在算力芯片的能耗比上下功夫的芯片公司，也开始对区块链计算机散热、电源传输、矿场机房布设等外延性要素进行节能提效设计。因此，在产业链前端的这三个环节上，仍由原本的芯片研发团队所主导，各家在这个领域各有所长。嘉楠耘智团队针对自己研发的芯片，提供了一套低成本高性能的环境自适应解决方案，通过对系统运作过程中热耗散的控制，以及电源传输过程中电压稳定性的智能调整，使ASIC硅晶片在集群矿场的复杂环境中实现最低能耗的最大算力输出，同时保持较低的总体拥有成本。而Bitfury则开发了针对算力芯片的浸泡式水冷系统，在沸点非常低的情况下，把硬件浸泡在液体中。一旦加热，液体就会蒸发把热量带走，然后凝结再进入池中，通过这个过程降低挖矿在冷却过程中的能源消耗。

2. To reduce energy consumption, the microchip company, which used to use only the energy of the computing chip, has also started to design energy-efficient expansive elements, such as evaporation, electrical power transmission, and placement of the mining unit. Thus, on these three links at the front end of the industrial chain, it is still dominated by the original chip research and development team, each of which has its own skills in this area. In order to reduce energy consumption, a low-cost, high-energy environment adaptable solution has been developed by the Carnadine intelligence team, which has developed a heat-dissipation control system in the operation of the system, as well as smart adjustments to the stability of electrical pressure in the transmission of the power grid, enabling the ASC silicon chip to achieve the maximum energy consumption at the end of the complex environment of the cluster mine, while maintaining a low overall cost.

3.矿池。矿池是将来自各地的算力进行汇聚，从而提高算得新区块的几率。比特币的算法规定了算力占据总网络比率越高的节点，能算得新区块的几率越大。因此，算力输出方则会选择汇集在一起，共享一个主节点通道，并最终将共同产生的收益按照一定的分配方式提前分配到各个子算力输出节点的账户中。

3. A pond. The pond is a pool of local arithmetic, thereby increasing the probability of new blocks being counted. Bitcoin's algorithms provide for the higher the number of nodes of the total network, the greater the chance of new blocks being counted. Thus, a power exporter chooses to pool, share a main node channel, and ultimately distributes the co-benefits in a certain distribution in advance to the accounts of the sub-node of output.

数据来源：区块链公开数据

Data source: Public Data on Block Chains

当前，从各大矿池所输出的算力占比情况如图2所示，其中国内矿池输出占比高达62%，这其中占具最大份额的是比特大陆的蚁池。与其他厂商专注于芯片设计领域不同，比特大陆从很早就在比特币全产业链进行了全面布局。从比特币浏览器项目，到大规模自有算力部署，再到云算力服务，涵盖了算力挖矿行业的大部分环节，而矿池正是这一布局的终点。比特大陆旗下的蚁池一家就占据了矿池份额的1/4，这意味着每一个区块由蚁池算得的几率是1/4。也因此，每个区块所产生的比特币奖励被蚁池获取的几率也是1/4。得益于较高的矿池份额和大量的自有算力，比特大陆收获了大量的比特币收益。其余诸如BTCC、鱼池等几大国内矿池中的算力则有很大比例来源于嘉楠耘智所投入制造的区块链超级计算芯片。

Unlike other manufacturers, which have focused on chip design, Bitcoins have developed a comprehensive layout from an early stage in the entire industry chain of Bitcoin. From the Bitcoin browser project, to large-scale self-assessing deployments, to cloud computing services, which cover most of the components of the arithmetic industry, the ponds are the end of this layout. One fourth of the ark ponds under the Bitcoat flag account for the share of the ponds, meaning that each block is counted by an ant pond at a rate of one quarter. Thus, the bitcoins generated by each block are rewarded by an an an ant pond at a rate of one quarter.

因此，从矿池数据上也体现出了Bitfury、比特大陆与嘉楠耘智在比特币算力行业的先发优势。

Thus, the pre-existing advantages of Bitfury, Bitcontinent and Kananji in the Bitcoin computing industry are also reflected in the mineral pool data.

4.云算力。在这种情况下，中小矿工的盈利空间越来越小甚至为负。它们不仅要面临单体区块链计算机供不应求的状况，还要面对区块链计算机从发货到安装调试再到维护的整个复杂流程。而且，最大的成本还不止是这些，使用一般家庭、商业用电进行挖矿所消耗的高昂电费，以及产生的噪音和热量，也成为普通比特币爱好者参与算力输出的障碍。算力通过大规模集成矿场以及矿池的集中，造成对比特币区块链安全的威胁。

4. Cloud computing. In this context, small and medium-sized miners have become less profitable and even less profitable. They face not only the disproportionate supply of single-block chain computers, but also the whole complex process from delivery to installation and debugging to maintenance.

综合这样的市场与技术需求，云算力服务应运而生。云算力平台将矿场和矿池等基础资源打通，为个体矿工更便捷地接入比特币区块链网络提供条件。这不仅降低了矿工的准入门槛，并且由于购买云算力的用户可以自主控制算力流向，这成为解决大规模集成化矿场和矿池汇聚而造成算力集中问题的一种策略。它的出现也因此使得比特币区块链离全民分布式共享的理想又近了一步。

The cloud computing platform provides access for artisanal miners to a network of bitcoin blocks more easily. Not only has access to miners been reduced, but users of cloud computing have been able to control the flow of arithmetic independently, which is a strategy to solve the problem of concentration of arithmetic caused by the convergence of large-scale integrated mines and ponds.

5.交易所。算力芯片成为现实资源导向区块链虚拟资源的入口，那么，交易所就成为这条产业链最终的出口。即将算力所获取的比特币收益，转化为现实中可用的法币，比特币产业链的循环生态由此形成。实际上，整个产业的简化逻辑似乎是：投入资金购买设备，通过设备运作获取比特币，并寄期望于比特币的溢价能够为整个产业链获取利润；将比特币换成法币之后，再次投入购买更好的设备。这样的模式其实并未跳出2013-2014年比特币大起大落时期区块链计算机行业军备竞赛的怪圈。同时，硅晶芯片从110纳米到55纳米，从28纳米再到16纳米，其蚀刻密度的提升也逐渐开始受到单位面积产热剧增、量子效应的影响，使芯片设计的门槛进一步提高。在这种大环境下，区块链的产业链也进一步延伸出了更多价值。

In fact, the simplified logic of the whole industry seems to be to invest in the purchase of equipment, to obtain bitcoins through the operation of the equipment, and to expect a premium on bitcoin to make profits across the entire industry chain; to reinvest in better equipment once bitcoin has been converted into French coins. Such a model does not actually escape the circle of an arms race in the sector’s chain computer industry during the period of the huge rise in bitcoins in 2013-2014, from 110 nanometres to 55 nanometres, from 28 nanometres to 16 nanometers.

算力与区块链的未来

The future of arithmetic and block chains

从2013-2016年，区块链计算机从CPU时代进化到GPU时代，从FPGA时代进化到ASIC时代，再到当前的ASICs时代，ASIC芯片本身尺寸越来越小。在这个过程中，矿机专用芯片提供厂商从少到多，再到如今的寡头垄断，每一次芯片的进化都带来一次行业的更新迭代。根据全网算力的历史数据预测，4年以后也就是2020年，全网算力将接近20000P，是当前1600P算力的12倍多。

From 2013-2016, block-chain computers evolved from the CPU era to the GPU era, from the FPGA era to the ASIC era, to the current ASIC era, with the ASIC chip itself becoming smaller and smaller. In this process, mine-specific chip providers from fewer to more, and now oligopolistic, each chip evolves into an industry-updating era.

区块链计算机加速的军备竞赛，使得以颠覆世界不公的财富规律为目标的比特币开始重蹈覆辙，几乎50%以上的比特币集中在不足20%的人手中。而现实世界的大多数人并不真正了解比特币。作为一种平衡，云算力解决方案的提出，使区块链的网络进化增加了一种离散的力量。它致力于让更多的人体验挖矿，让更多人通过真正成为分布式矿工，方便地获得第一份数字资产，来理解比特币和区块链，从而形成由外向内吸附的生态。持有区块链数字资产的人越多、越分散，整个产业产生裂变的可能性就越大。新近上线的算力宝平台，以真实算力对应、自由调度算力资源为切入点，得到了传统IDC上市公司的有力支持，云算力平台的建设有可能会成为新的战略级入口。

As a balance, cloud-based solutions have been proposed, adding a discrete force to the evolution of the network of blocks. It is committed to enabling more people to experience mining, enabling more people to gain easy access to the first digital asset by becoming a real distributed miner, understanding the Bitcoin and block chain, and thus forming an ecosystem attached to the outward-to-inward. The more people who hold the digital assets of the block chain, the more dispersed they are, the greater the likelihood that the entire industry will break.

1.加速大数据行业发展。由于区块链算力的本质是让芯片自动通过特定算法，进行大量运算来保障区块链这一公开账本的安全与稳定。而大数据分析则是通过多种数据挖掘的算法组合，将元数据进行输入、筛选、重构、分类、关联并最终输出知识。因此，通过将算力芯片进行内置算法的重新设计、定制，能够实现高效快速的大数据挖掘、分析功能。而伴随着互联网时代下数据量的激增，对数据分析的计算量要求也相应增加。对海量数据的处理需求，相应地提升了对分布式技术――云计算的需求。区块链则能够与大数据的云计算需求完美契合，以当前比特币全网算力1400P为例，若对整个互联网中存储的所有数据进行一次哈希运算，仅需要不到1分钟的时间。因此，区块链算力芯片行业的发展实际上推动了大数据行业的进步。

1. Accelerating the development of the big data industry. Because of the essence of block chain computing, which automatically allows the chip to operate through a particular algorithm, a large number of calculations to guarantee the security and stability of the open account chain, big data analysis is a combination of multiple algorithms excavating the metadata for input, filtering, reconstructing, sorting, linking, and ultimately exporting knowledge. Thus, by re-engineering and customizing the algorithms, it is possible to achieve efficient and rapid large data mining and analysis functions.

2.未来区块链计算机――从致富工具到智能机器。区块链算力的军备竞赛，在刺激了芯片技术繁荣的同时也造成了挖矿难度的指数级增加，而期望通过简单粗暴的挖币卖币来致富的投机者们，也在比特币泡沫破裂后的冷静中被逐步淘汰。因为币价保值升值所真正需要的并非是短期的利益绑架，而是区块链的真正安全，以及区块链上进一步可被开发的应用价值，于是真正的区块链研究者与创业者们开始将区块链计算机推向了智能硬件的新生态。其中一种新的应用价值开发，就来自于高通所投资的21 Inc.。这家海外的创业公司将自己所研发的芯片及设备命名为“比特币电脑”，而非“比特币区块链计算机”，因为他们更看重比特币的“工业用途”。

Future block-chain computers - from enrichment tools to smart machines. An arms race in block-chain computing, while stimulating the boom of chip technology, has led to an exponential increase in the difficulty of mining, while speculators who expect to be rich through simple, aggressive currency-digging, have been phased out in calm after the bursting of the Bitcoin bubble. Because what is really needed is not short-term profit kidnapping, but real security of block-chains and the value of applications that can be further developed on the block chain, so that real sector-chain researchers and entrepreneurs begin to push a block-chain computer to a new ecology of smart hardware.

21 Inc.联合创始人兼CEO Balaji Srinivasan认为，机器网络是继万维网和社交网络之后的第三个网络，在该网络中，所有的连接实际上都是机器间直接的支付行为。21 Inc.以嵌入式挖矿为理念，着眼于未来物联网的潜力，希望通过嵌入主流的消费电子设备在后台挖矿，通过无限的数字货币流来从事微交易。21 Inc.计划向市场推出嵌入式芯片，允许用户使用智能手机和其他互联网设备进行比特币挖矿。

According to CEO Balaji Srinivasan, co-founder and co-founder of the machine network is the third after the World Wide Web and social network, in which all connections are in fact direct inter-machine payments.21 Inc., based on the concept of embedded mining, looking at the potential of future-matter networking, hopes to engage in micro-trading through embedded consumer electronic devices in the backstage, and through unlimited digital currency flows.21 Inc. plans to introduce embedded chips to the market, allowing users to use smart phones and other Internet devices to mine bitcoins.

在2015年，现实中的人和设备在嵌入软件、传感器和网络之后，实现了物物连接的状态，即物联网。而IBM认为，未来的每个设备都能进行自我管理，即设备自治。未来10年，物联网设备的数量将大幅增加，将如此多的上网设备通过中心化的方式来管理是不现实的。IBM认为，区块链技术正好能解决这个问题。通过区块链技术实现去中心化的分布式云网络的物联网，各个设备彼此相连，解决节点信任问题。同样，中国的芯片设计研发厂商也已开始从模式识别入手，对支持人工智能技术的神经网络算法的通用芯片进行研发。由于区块链共识机制建立，实际上是基于算法的一种自动化组织架构，因此，将相似的算法逻辑应用在人工智能的交互上所实现的是人工智能的“社会规则”。未来整个物联网世界的所有智能电子设备的内部，都有可能带有一颗接入区块链网络的芯片。一旦实现了这种区块链物联网络，那么人与机器、机器与机器智能之间进行交互就拥有了一种通用的语言。社会规则可编程、社会资源可自由连接，在这个基础上，自助化的电子政务、智慧家居、智慧城市、车联网、医疗物联等各个行业都将产生具有颠覆性的商业新模式。

In the next 10 years, the number of devices will increase significantly, and it will not be feasible to centralize so many of them. IBM believes that block-chain technology is the solution. The network of decentralized cloud networks through block-link technology is a “social rule” of artificial intelligence. Similarly, all smart electronic devices in the future are connected to each other, and there is a possibility that China’s chip-design and development firm will have a chip in the network that supports the neural network algorithms of artificial intelligence. Once this network is established, it is actually an automated structure based on algorithms, so that similar algorithmic logic will be applied to the “social rule” of artificial intelligence, achieved on the interactive interface of artificial intelligence.

3.区块链网络生态。算力是区块链网络的底层架构，维护着区块链网络的安全和正常运行。目前的区块链产品的架构，都是围绕从算力基础设施到数字货币网络再到区块链应用的由下至上的架构展开（图3）。

3. Block-chain network ecology. Arithmetic is the bottom structure of the block-chain network, maintaining the safety and proper functioning of the block-chain network. The current block-chain product structure is built around a bottom-up structure that is applied from the computing infrastructure to the digital monetary network to the block-chain (figure 3).

区块链的共识机制基于算力基础设施的保障，解决了对等实体间信任的问题，区块链也因此将可能重塑除货币和物联网以外包括金融、法律、审计等众多领域的业务模式。由于受制于比特币区块链当前区块容量1MB的限制，以及平均10分钟算出一个区块的交易确认时间的限制，当前给予比特币区块链的应用仍然被限制在低频、小容量的范围内。然而，随着比特币核心协议的一次次更新迭代，最新的0.12.1协议实现了高频交易的闪电支付接口，以及能够解决区块容量问题的侧链兼容，并且进一步提升了比特币区块链的可编程智能合约属性。这一切都为比特币产业链在应用价值上的衍生翻开了全新的篇章。

The block chain’s consensus mechanism, based on the guarantee of arithmetic infrastructure, addresses the issue of trust among entities, and the block chain will thus be likely to reshape business models in a wide range of areas, including finance, law, auditing, other than monetary and physical networking. The current application of the bitcoin block chain is still limited to low frequency and small capacity, owing to constraints on the current block capacity of 1MB in the bitcoin block chain and the average of 10 minutes to calculate the transaction confirmation time for a block. However, with a replacement of the Bitcoin core agreement, the latest version of the 0.12.1 agreement has achieved a flash payment interface for high-frequency transactions, as well as the lateral compatibility of the chain capable of resolving the block capacity problem, and has further enhanced the programmable-smart contractual attributes of the bitcoin block chain.

区块链的进化并不是在比特世界（虚拟世界）里孤立进行的，它与原子世界（现实世界）有着千丝万缕的对应关系。区块链网络生态另外一个重要的发展方向，就是建立两个世界的映射关系。不论区块链拥有哪些核心优势，最终它要在原子世界里落地和执行，要进行实物的交割，要进行人与人之间真实的接触，社会与国家的权力执行机构并不会消失。相反，在一个透明化的体系里，他们会更加高效率、民主、廉洁地参与。区块链创业公司保全网在这种映射关系上做了一些积极探索，利用区块链技术来实现存证、增信和鉴真的功能。在整个产业生态中，这实际上起到了一种管道的作用。有了这种管道，我们才能清晰地看到逐步递进的发展路径。目前，保全网已经在金融、保险、基金、财税、教育等领域有了应用案例。

Regardless of the core advantages of the block chain, it is ultimately located and executed in the atom world, with physical cut-off, where real contacts between people and the state’s power enforcement agencies do not disappear. Instead, in a transparent system, they are more efficient, democratic, and clean.

4.新型区块链创新。越来越多的技术团队及金融公司开始尝试构建一个独立于比特币区块链之外的新区块链结构。比特币区块链由于其完全的分布式、公开化，是当前最为典型的公有链。公有链是指任何人都可以读取公有区块链的数据，任何人都可以在公有区块链上发送交易，任何人都可以参与到共识过程――该过程决定什么区块被加入到链上，以及现在的状态是什么。另一种是联盟链，它的共识过程是受预先选定的多个节点控制的。它可以让每个人读取区块链数据，也可以让选定的参与者读取区块链数据，这些区块链可以被看作“半去中心化”的。最为保守或者说更接近中心化的结构是私有链。因为向私有链写入数据的权限只被一个机构所拥有，或许在某些特定情况下公众会拥有读取数据的权限，大多数时候则只有特定的人才拥有读取数据的权限。

A growing number of technical teams and financial companies are beginning to try to construct a new block chain structure independent of the Bitcoin block chain. The Bitcoin block chain, because of its full distribution and openness, is the most typical public chain today. The public chain means that anyone can read data on the public block chain, that anyone can send a transaction on the public block chain, that anyone can participate in the consensus process - which determines which blocks are added to the chain and what the current situation is. The other is the coalition chain, which is controlled by a pre-selected number of nodes. It allows everyone to read the data on the block chain, and it allows selected participants to read the data on the block chain, which can be seen as “semi-centralized.” The most conservative or closer structure to centralization is the private chain.

相比于比特币的公有链，联盟链与私有链更具优势：（1）由一个联盟或者公司运行的私有链可以很容易改变区块链规则、回滚交易、修改余额等。（2）区块链上的确认者的身份是已知的，所以不存在算力集中等导致的51%攻击问题。（3）交易费用更低。这是因为交易只需要被几个可信的、拥有非常强大的处理能力的专业节点确认，而不需要被数以万计的、处理能力有限还偶尔不稳定的节点确认。现在，这一优势很有效果，因为当前比特币公有区块链处理的一笔交易的费用将近1%，并且还有10分钟的确认时间限制。（4）节点之间的连接更好，故障可以更快地被修复，所以，可以使用区块时间更短的共识算法。（5）如果对读取区块链数据的权限作了限制，那么，就意味着私有链可以提供更好的隐私保证。当然，这些半去中心化联盟链与中心化的私有链的优势是建立在牺牲了公有链强健的安全性的基础上而获得的，并且由于共享、共担机制的缺失也使得联盟链、私有链的建设接入成本远远高于公有链。

The alliance chain has a greater advantage than the public-owned chain in Bitcoin: (1) a private chain run by a union or company can easily change the rules of the block chain, roll back transactions, revise balances, etc. (2) The identity of the identified person in the block chain is known, so there is no 51% attack problem due to the concentration of arithmetic. (3) The transaction costs are lower because the transaction needs only to be confirmed by several credible professional nodes with very strong processing capacity, and not necessarily by tens of thousands of points with limited processing capacity and occasional instability. This advantage is now very effective, because the advantage of these semi-centralized union chains with a centralized private chain is, of course, based on the security of the public chain at the expense of which the failure can be repaired more quickly. (5) If there is a limitation on the ability to read the sector data, it means that the private chain can provide better privacy.

但对于许多注重灵活性和保密性的私有机构来说，私有链似乎是权衡之后更好的选择。创业机构R3 CEV就是联盟链应用的典型，它聚集了全世界各大跨国银行机构，从高盛、巴克莱、汇丰、花旗到东京日联、瑞穗，总计42家银行加入了R3主导的联盟链计划，通过共同开发银行间区块链金融应用，使银行间的交易更高效、更安全。同时，四大会计事务所之一的德勤旗下全资子公司Rubix也致力于为企业提供专业化的私有链定制解决方案。然而，所有类型区块链的底层基础设施都是由专业芯片公司所提供的算力。因此，区块链的创新意味着基础设施的创新。随着联盟链和私有链的普及，芯片研发企业就获得了在区块链领域新的市场发展机遇，通过为企业联盟或企业内部定制专用区块链底层设施，区块链算力行业将演变为支撑起新互联网发展的IDC。使用特定的算法开发分布式账本的专用芯片，以这种专用芯片作为硬件支撑的分布式账本系统，可以摆脱会计依赖和内部IT管理的依赖，可以快速地建立公司代币系统、建立私有的数字资本账户体系，这将进一步提升企业资源调度的效率。

However, for many private institutions that focus on flexibility and confidentiality, private chains seem to be a better option after trade-offs. The business start-up agency R3 CEV is a typical example of a union chain application that brings together major multinational banking institutions around the world, ranging from Goldman Sachs, Barclay, HSBC, Citigroup to Tokyo Japan, Sio, with a total of 42 banks participating in R3-led alliance-chain schemes, making bank-to-bank transactions more efficient and safer through the financial application of block chains between co-development banks. At the same time, Rubix, a fully funded subsidiary of one of the four General Conference houses, is also committed to providing specialized private chain custom solutions for businesses.

区块链技术范文第2篇

区块链本质上是一个去中心化的数据库，是一串使用密码学方法相关联产生的数据块，每一个数据块中包含了过去十分钟内所有比特币网络交易的信息，用于验证其信息的有效性（防伪）和生成下一个区块。简单理解，区块链技术就是一种通过点对点实现的电子货币账本系统，它能够通过网络记录着每一笔比特币的交易记录，且去中心化，没有人可以擅自更改。区块链的1.0是货币，区块链2.0是“智能合约”，区块链3.0是重构社会。

In essence, the block chain is a decentralised database, a series of data blocks linked by cryptography, each containing information on all Bitcoin network transactions over the past 10 minutes to verify the validity of its information (security) and to generate the next block. Simplely understood, the block chain technology is an electronic currency accounting system by point-to-point, which can record every bitcoin transaction over the network and decentralize, and no one can change it. The block chain of 1.0 is a currency, the block chain of 2.0 is a “smart contract” and the block chain of 3.0 is a reconfigured society.

从区块链出现至今，已有七八年时间。如今，区块链的应用范围早就不仅仅是虚拟货币，在保存身份信息，解决所有权归属问题，游戏应用，去中心化云存储等领域也被广泛应用。而且，还有更多应用领域正在被开拓。以Factom为例，它将提供商业和技术支持，协助软通动力利用区块链技术进一步拓展公司业务战略，作为软通动力智慧城市解决方案的一部分。再以Rootstock为例，他们挖掘到了基于区块链技术存在的比特币的亮点，以比特币为基础，开始创造“智能合约”的应用。通过搭建智能合约，在保存比特币绝对安全的优势上，克服了比特币没有记忆能力和到账速度慢的问题。

In the case of Factom, it will provide commercial and technical support for the use of block chain technology to further expand corporate business strategies as part of a soft-powered smart city solution. In the case of Rootstock, for example, they have reached the point of bitcoin based on block chain technology, and started to create smart contracts based on bitcoin. By creating smart contracts, they have overcome the issue of Bitcoin’s lack of memory and slowness in terms of preserving its absolute security.

随着时代的快速发展，我们对信息的需求已不仅仅停留在“快”，也要“安全”。区块链的最大优势就是高安全性，信息没有人可以擅自更改，对于其持有者具有十分稳定的安全保障性。除此之外，区块链还拥有去中心化、方便快捷、成本较低等优势。正是以这些优势为基础，区块链的应用开始被拓展，并带给了我们至关重要的变化。

With the rapid pace of our times, our demand for information has moved beyond being “fast” to “safe.” The greatest advantage of the block chain is that it is highly secure, that no one can change it without permission, and that it is very secure for its holders. In addition, the block chain has the advantages of decentralizing, conveniently fast, and less costly.

在比特币算力的空前发展环境下，趋势正在逐步从“大数据”开拓进入一个“大计算”时代。有了充沛的计算力，也就预示着区块链的安全保障会更大，目前已经有很多试图以区块链技术为基础的应用开始发展，在基于强大安全和算力的基础上开始建立全新的模型。

In an environment of unprecedented development of Bitcoin computing power, the trend is gradually moving from “big data” to a “big computing” era. With robust computing, greater security in block chains can be expected, and there are many attempts to develop applications based on block chain technology, starting with new models based on strong security and arithmetic.

另外，从起初阶段的无序数据到今天的新阶段，有些数据将通过采用全球共识的区块链机制，这些数据可以获得基于互联网全局可信的质量，可以说是人类目前获得最坚固信用基础的数据，这些数据的精度和质量都获得了前所未有的提升。区块链犹如一台“创造信任的机器”，区块链技术影响着越来越多的行业。

Moreover, from the initial stage of disorderly data to the new stage of today, some of the data will be made available through a globally agreed block chain mechanism that will provide credible quality based on the Internet as a whole and can be said to be the most robust credit base available to humans, with unprecedented improvements in their accuracy and quality. The block chain is like a “trust-creating machine” and the block chain technology affects a growing number of industries.

以Rootstock为例，他们以在比特币基础上添加应用来改变世界为目标，通过建立“智能合约”，增加了生态链里面的应用，更多人会用比特币，公司使用Rootstock上的智能合约就可以一次完成清算，可以节约成本。针对比特币的矿工们，可以不仅仅只挖比特币，也可以挖Rootstock币增加收入。另外，Rootstock网络保证速度快的同时还保证了高安全性，通过利用虚拟矿机，将其变成智能合约平台，在使用比特币本来的安全性基础上，还增加了智能合约的安全性。比特币区块链和Rootstock区块链用一种算法双向连接，快速到账，合同发出不可撤回，所有交易全网公开，更加安全。

In the case of Rootstock, for example, they aim to change the world by adding applications to the Bitcoin base, by creating “smart contracts”, by adding applications to the ecological chain, by using bitcoin for more people, and by using smart contracts on Rootstock for companies to do liquidations at once, with cost savings. Miners in Bitcoin can dig not only bitcoins, but also Rootstock coins for more revenue. Moreover, the Rootstock network guarantees high security, by using virtual mining machines to turn them into smart contracts, and by using bitcoins for security purposes, it also increases the security of smart contracts.

区块链技术范文第3篇

【关键字】 Block Chain BitCoin Distributed Ledger POW

Block Chain BitCoin Distribed Ledger Pow

随着互联网业态的快速发展，互联网的方便性都到了大家的认可，但是互信的交易仍然离不开第三方中介的协助。虽然第三方在大多数时候发挥了正面作用，但同时也带来了很多的成本和损耗。如何构建一个陌生参与者之间的互信系统，无疑是相当吸引人的。

With the rapid development of the Internet industry, Internet accessibility has been recognized, but trusting transactions still require the assistance of third-party intermediaries. While third parties have played a positive role most of the time, they have also brought costs and losses.

一、区块链概述

I. OVERVIEW OF THE LEVEL OF PARTS

区块链准确的说是一种去中心记账系统。它通过去中心化、分散的数据存储，以及成熟的加密、签名技术，保证了交易各方之间的互相信任。

The block chain is, accurately speaking, a central accounting system. It assures mutual trust between the parties to the transaction through decentralisation, decentralized data storage, and mature encryption and signature techniques.

它通过非对称加密、签名技术，保证了发起交易者是被验证过的合法交易者，保证了系统不会被外来者入侵和破坏。

It guarantees, through asymmetric encryption, signature technology, that the originator of the transaction is a proven legal dealer and that the system will not be invaded and destroyed by outsiders.

它通过POW（Proof of work）技术保证了发起交易者本身不可能进行欺骗，保证了系统不会被从内部攻破。

It guarantees, through Proof of work, that the originator of the transaction will not be able to defraud itself and that the system will not be broken from within.

二、区块链技术要点

II. Technical elements of the block chain

1、去中心的记账系统。区块链系统里每个参与者都拥有全部账目。系统里的每一笔交易都会发送给每一个参与者，参与者会根据自己维护的数据决定接受还是拒绝这笔交易。

Each transaction in the system is sent to each participant, and the participant decides whether to accept or reject the transaction on the basis of the data he or she maintains.

2、签名技术的作用。每一笔交易的发起方，都会用自己的密钥制作当前交易的签名，签名技术已应用了很多年，是经过实践证明的可以确认签名者身份的技术。

2. The role of signature technology. The originator of each transaction will use its own key to create the signature of the current transaction, which has been in use for many years and is a proven technique for identifying the signatory.

3、POW （Proof of Work）。在签名技术保证了发起交易者身份的基础上，还有一个问题需要解决。那就是怎么保证发起者自身的可信度，怎么保证发起者不会把一笔钱同时用来和两个不同的参与者交易？区块链利用POW技术保证了在这种情况下，只有一笔交易会被确认。任何想篡改或者操纵结果的企图都是几乎不可能实现的。

Three, Pow (Proof of Work). On the basis of the signature technology that assures the identity of the originator, there is a question that needs to be resolved. That is, how to guarantee the credibility of the originator and how to ensure that the initiator does not use a sum of money to deal with two different players at the same time.

三、区块链应用举例

III. Example of the application of block chains

让我们来看一个具体例子。从纽约汇10万美金到伦敦需要多少费用呢？答案是4000美金。需要多长时间呢，答案是3天。成本为何如此之高，难道不能像同事之间借100元钱那么容易吗？是什么造成了这么高的成本？

Let's see a concrete example. How much does it cost to transfer $100,000 from New York to London? The answer is $4,000. How long does it take, the answer is three days. Why is it so expensive?

答案是信任。由于汇款的双方不存在信任关系，交易的过程必须有中介参与，甚至有很多中介参与。比如汇款方所在的银行、收款方所在的银行，甚至银行之间还会有第三方银行，用于保证两个银行参与者是可信的。

The answer is trust. Since there is no relationship of trust between the two parties to a remittance, the transaction must be conducted with the participation of an intermediary or even a large number of intermediaries.

我们对于银行的信任，其实是基于我们认为他掌握了完整的台账。所以汇款方银行可以证明汇款者肯定拥有他要汇出的资金，而第三方银行确认汇款方银行拥有他要汇出的资金。这只是基于上述简单模型的一个简单分析。现实世界中的实际问题远比这个复杂的多。正是由于这些账目的不透明，导致简单的交易链条变得相当复杂，交易的成本变得太大，在某种情况下甚至阻碍了交易本身。

Our trust in banks is based on the fact that we believe that he has the entire bank account. So the sender’s bank can prove that the money remitter has the money he wants to remit, while the third-party bank confirms that the sender’s bank has the money he wants to remit.

现在我们有了区块链，交易双方完全信赖区块链提供的支持，交易便成了交易双方的直接联系。因此，前面提到的各种中介（在这里是银行），都变得不必要了。由于中间环节大幅减少，交易确认的过程变得简单，确认的速度也随之大大加快。如前述的例子，采用区块链技术，从纽约到伦敦的汇款在1个小时内就可以确认完成，所需费用不足现在费用的百分之一。

Now that we have a block chain in which both parties to the transaction have full confidence in the support provided by the block chain, the transaction becomes a direct link between the parties to the transaction. As a result, the various intermediaries mentioned earlier (in this case, banks) become unnecessary.

四、区块链的未来展望

Outlook for the future of the block chain

区块链可能的应用远不止此。理论上，任何有价值的可以转移的资产、信息都可以用区块链来完成。

Block chains can be used much more than that. In theory, any valuable transferable asset or information can be done with block chains.

当今的世界，去中心化的发展如火如荼。在金融方面，有P2P、移动银行；在媒体方面，有facebook、twitter、微博、微信；在共享经济方面，有滴滴、优步；在能源方面，有家庭太阳能发电等等。这些去中心化的交易亟需一个相匹配的支撑平台，需要一个可以保证交易安全性的互信协议，区块链便应运而生，承担起了这个历史重任。

In finance, there are P2Ps, mobile banks; in the media, there are Facebook, twitter, Weibo, Weibo; in the shared economy, there are droplets, eugenic steps; and in energy, there are home solar power. These decentralized deals urgently need a matching support platform, a mutual trust agreement that guarantees the safety of the transaction, and the chain of blocks is born to take on this historic responsibility.

区块链技术的研究及应用发展得风生水起。越来越多的中国企业开始进入区块链行业，而且大家不仅仅希望参与技术的开发，更希望参与技术标准的制定。无论是美国的R3 CEV还是中国的ChinaLedger，这样的区块链技术联盟开始成为国内各行业巨头关注的重点。而这些中国巨头的表现，最终决定着未来中国在区块链行业中扮演怎样的角色，获得多大的话语权。很多的中国企业已经在实践中积累了大量应用区块链的经验，比如阳光保险、赣州银行。

Whether the US R3 CEV or China’s ChinaLedger, such a block chain technology alliance is starting to become the focus of attention among the country’s major players. The performance of these Chinese giants will ultimately determine China’s future role in the block chain industry and the extent to which it is entitled to speak.

区块链技术提供了解决互联网互信问题的机制，使得未来交易的安全性、便捷性大大提高，并且对于提高整个社会经济运行、组织和管理的效率大有裨益。任何市场活动的参与者不得不对这个技术的用给予足够的认识。

Block chain technology provides a mechanism to address the issue of Internet inter-trust, which greatly enhances the security, accessibility, and efficiency of future transactions and contributes significantly to the overall socio-economic performance, organization and management. Participants in any market activity have to be sufficiently aware of the use of this technology.

五、综述

V. OVERVIEW

区块链技术范文第4篇

区块链，这个听起来有点艰涩的名词，简单地说是一种通过去中心化的方式集体维护一个持续生长的数据库。从本质上来说，是一个用于维持信息共享来源的分布式计算机网络（distributed network of computers），是支持比特币流通、交易的基础技术。网络中的每个节点（node）便是一个用户，通过保存一个完整的交易历史数据库的副本，参与并维护信息的安全性和准确性。通过加密（encryptlon）确保安全――所有交易会以加密形式登陆，包括时间、日期、参与者等。交易一旦入账，不可被删除、撤销或修改。

Block chains, a term that sounds a bit difficult, simply as a collective maintenance of a continuously growing database through decentralisation. In essence, a distributed computer network that maintains information-sharing sources is a basic technology to support Bitcoin circulation and transactions. Each node in the network is a user that participates in and maintains the security and accuracy of information by keeping a copy of a complete transaction history database. Secured by encryption (encryptlon) - all transactions land in encrypted form, including time, date, participant, etc.

“区块链这一颠覆性的技术作为当下多种热门概念的交集，将在可预见的未来深刻地影响金融业在内的多个行业。”德勤中国华东区主管合伙人曾顺福说，“对区块链的积极应对或是被动接受，也将导致各行业内部的重新洗牌。”

“The subversive technology of block chains, as a confluence of current popular concepts, will have a profound impact on many industries, including the financial sector, in the foreseeable future.” The Deloitte and Touche China East District Chiefs said, “A positive or passive response to block chains will also lead to reshuffling within industries.”

如今，这项基于比特币而生的技术，正在金融、医疗、车辆信息、食品供应链等场景化的领域体现自身的应用可能。

Today, this Bitcoin-based technology is demonstrating its own applications in such landscape areas as finance, medical care, vehicle information, and food supply chains.

改变

Change

区块链对于金融业的意义在于将重望金融业的基础设施，从而带来应用的改变。它所构建的信任生态系统可以在信息不对称、不确定的环境下所生存，而在这样一个网络之中每个人能够将货币资产（实体或虚拟）精确地进行价值和信用转移。

What a block chain means for the financial sector is that it will look to the infrastructure of the financial industry to bring about a change in application. The confidence ecosystem it builds can survive in an environment of information asymmetry, uncertainty, and in such a network everyone can accurately transfer the value and credit of monetary assets (entity or virtual).

此前，巴克莱银行、瑞士信贷集团、摩根大通等42家全球顶级银行已加入一个由金融技术公司R3领导的组织，着手为区块链在银行业中的使用制定行业标准和协议；2015年12月30日，纳斯达克完成了基于区块链平台的首个证券交易，也对全球金融市场的去中心化有着里程碑的意义。2009年比特币区块链的上线，被视作价值互联网正式诞生的元年。

Previously, 42 top global banks, such as Barclay Bank, the Swiss Credit Group, and Morgan Chase, had joined an organization led by the financial technology firm R3 to set industry standards and protocols for the use of block chains in banking; on 30 December 2015, NASDAQ completed its first portfolio transaction based on a block chain platform, which was also a milestone in the decentralization of global financial markets. In 2009, the online of the Bitcoin block chain was seen as the official birth year of the value Internet.

金融机构的互联网化和互联网公司的金融化是近年来两者融合的主题。然而一个金融公司是否互联网化并不是靠是否做电商或者使用社交媒体而决定的。中国万向控股有限公司副董事长兼执行董事肖风认为，现有的传统金融机构应该利用价值互联网的工具来改善内生的很多业务流程，改善附着在金融体系上的应用场景，将其互联网化，从而将自己变成互联网公司。

The Internetization of financial institutions and the financialization of Internet companies has been the subject of a convergence in recent years. But whether or not a financial company Internetizes is not determined by whether or not to be a power provider or by using social media.

从这个角度来看，区块链是传统金融公司借势转型为互联网公司的最佳利器。利用区块链改造传统金融机构核心的生产系统，同时把整个金融企业架构在互联网上，这是金融业的发展方向。

From this perspective, the block chain is the best instrument for transforming traditional financial firms into Internet companies. Using the block chain to transform the production system at the core of traditional financial institutions, while placing the entire financial enterprise architecture on the Internet, this is the direction in which the financial sector is developing.

比特币上线以来已经运行了7年，这个试验系统在传统金融行业之外运行，没有出现宕机，而且运行在这个网络上的所有比特币账户也没有被黑客破解过。这使得欧美主流金融机构都在建立自己的区块链实验室，也设立风投基金投资区块链的创业公司。这意味着区块链这项技术，具有用来改变传统金融机构基础架构的巨大潜力。据Magister Advisor分析，2017年，银行在区块链开发的经费将超过10亿美元――是所有企业软件板块发展速度最快的。

Seven years have passed since Bitcoin came online, and the pilot system operates outside the traditional financial sector, with no triggers, and no bitcoin accounts operating on the network have been hacked. This has led mainstream European and American financial institutions to set up their own block chain laboratories, as well as start-up companies with wind-spill investment blocks.

肖风觉得，“互联网金融的终局是点对点、端对端、P2P的金融服务”。不过，他也指出，“迄今为止，这项技术还处于实验阶段，其成熟度相当于1995～1998年之间的互联网技术。那时我们也不认为互联网能够像现在这样改变我们的世界。”

Shaw Fung felt that “the end of Internet finance is the financial services of point-to-point, end-to-end, P2P.” However, he also pointed out that “the technology is so far experimental and mature as it was between 1995 and 1998. We did not think that the Internet could change our world as it is now.”

落地

Down on the ground.

“与美国、爱尔兰的黑客马拉松相比，中国的开发者更为关注应用场景，这说明中国开发者的创新更为‘接地气’。”德勤亚太区投资管理行业领导合伙人秦谊如此总结中国区块链黑客马拉松。

“China's developers are more interested in the application scene than the United States and Ireland's hacker Marathon, which suggests that China's developers' innovation is more `geographical'.” So Qin, the leadership partner of the Deloitte Asia Pacific Investment Management Industry, sums up China's block chain of hacker Marathon.

基于区块链的“货物链”（CargoChain）在比赛拔得头筹，它能够让国际贸易更为环保和省时；二等奖的项目“智慧财产”（Smart Property）；三等奖的项目BitMEDI，基于区块链保存医疗记录以及食物链、随机数生成器、信用记录分享系统等，都体现了区块链在各个行业的应用。

The cluster-based “goods chain” (Cargo Chain) was raised to make international trade more environmentally friendly and time-efficient; the second-class project “smart property” (Smart Property); and the third-level project BitMEDI, which is based on the block chain for the preservation of medical records and food chains, random number generators, credit record-sharing systems etc., all reflect the application of the block chain in various industries.

不过，黑客马拉松仅是一个开始，一项技术从演示到真正的商业化、产品化仍需很长的过程。作为主办方之一的德勤也保持着对这项新兴技术的高度关注，其全球加密电子货币从属于德勤全球数字化团队（Deloltte Digital），团队人数超过100人，研究如何运用技术提高现有服务以及探索建立在区块链上的解决方案，并与多家全球顶级工程技术类高校和全球区块链不同类型的开发供应商建立战略合作伙伴关系。

However, hacker marathons are only the beginning, and a technology from demonstration to real commercialization and productization is still a long process. Deloitte, one of the hosts, also maintains a high level of interest in this emerging technology, with global encryption e-money subordinated to Delolte Digital, a team of more than 100 people, exploring the use of technology to upgrade existing services and explore solutions based on block chains, as well as strategic partnerships with multiple top engineering high schools worldwide and with different types of development providers in the global block chain.

德勤区块链平台Rubix已与多家全球系统性重要银行合作开发了多个基于区块链技术在金融行业业务的应用实例。除金融行业运用外，Rubix团队也拥有并帮助企业策划了近30个应用模型，有些在帮助企业论证阶段，有些已进入实际操作模型建立阶段。

In addition to the financial sector, the Rubix team also owns and helps businesses to plan nearly 30 application models, some at the business validation stage, and some at the operational modelling stage.

区块链技术范文第5篇

【关键词】 区块链 加密货币 供应链 供应链金融 物流

(keywords) Block chain, encrypted currency, supply chain, supply chain finance, logistics.

1.引言

Introduction

在Gartner公布的《Gartner2016年度新兴技术成熟度曲线》中，“区块链”首次成为一个独立的新兴技术板块处于接近曲线顶点的位置，是个备受期望的新兴技术。有人说，16年是区块链的元年，17年是区块链的落地年。关于区块链，现在还没有统一的定义，可以根据区块链的发展进程进行理解。区块链的发展可以分为三个阶段：区块链1.0可以理解为加密数字货币和公布式交易账簿的区块链理论，该理论认为区块链可以看做一个所有节点都可以“记账”，选出某段时间最快最好的“记账”，然后将该页帐发送给各节点的去中心化技术；区块链2.0是指资产数字化加智能合约，与1.0最大的差别就是通过高级的编程语言把现实中的业务场景与逻辑在区块链上加以实现；区块链3.0是指结合互联网、物联网、认知计算，将区块链应用在各个领域，而不仅仅是在金融领域。区块链有着去中心化、集体维护、去信任、可靠数据库、匿名化、可扩展等特征，引起了广泛关注。

In the Gartner Emerging Technological Maturity Curve for 2016, published by Gartner, the “block chain” was for the first time a stand-alone new technology panel, located near the top of the curve, a promising emerging technology. It was said that 16 years was the year of the block chain and 17 years was the year of its landing. There was no uniform definition of the block chain, which could be understood in the light of the process of development of the block chain. The block chain could be developed in three phases: block chain 1.0 could be understood as a block chain theory for encrypted digital currency and published transaction books, which considered that the block chain could be “booked” for all nodes, selected the fastest time of the “book” and then sent to the nodes to be decentralized technology; block chain 2.0 was a digitalized asset plus smart contract, the biggest difference from 1.0 was that the real business landscape and logic could be realized on the block chain through advanced programming language; block chain 3.0 referred to the integration of the Internet, network of goods, cognitive calculation and the application of the block chain in all areas, not only in the financial sector.

2.区块链的优劣势

2. The advantages and disadvantages of the block chain

2.1 区块链的优势

2.1 Strengths of the block chain

2.11 去中心化，不可篡改

2.11 Decentralization. Irreversible.

以往的信息系统中，为了防止数据被篡改，都是靠多层设防来控制访问。如果想进入数据库，必须进行身份认证、识别权限等过程，而且该过程将会留下痕迹。这种传统的保证数据安全的思路与银行将金库埋在地下深入类似。但是传统信息系统下的整个业务网络依赖于一个或几个中心系统，一旦发生问题，包括欺诈、网络攻击或错误，都会导致整个业务网络是出现问题，使得整个业务网络较为脆弱。

In previous information systems, multiple layers of security were used to control access in order to prevent data from being tampered with. If you want to access a database, the process of identification, identification rights, etc. must be performed, and the process will leave traces. This traditional approach to ensuring data security is similar to that of banks burying the vault underground. But the entire business network under traditional information systems depends on one or more central systems, and if problems arise, including fraud, cyberattacks or errors, the entire business network becomes problematic and vulnerable.

区块链对数据的保护则是另一种思路，即这些数据对每个节点的参与者都是共享的，没有所谓的中心。区块链的原理是基于共识算法与密码学的、所有节点都可以“记账”，选出某段时间最快最好的“记账”，然后将该页帐发送给各节点的去中心化技术。使用密码算法确保网络上的参与者仅仅可以看到和他们相关的账本内容，交易是安全带、授权的和验证的。如果想要篡改数据，不是攻击中心数据库即可，而是必须“串谋”大多数节点，几乎没有可能。

The protection of data from block chains is another idea: the data are shared for each node and there is no so-called centre. The principle of block chains is based on consensus algorithms and cryptography, and all nodes can be “booked”, selecting the fastest-ever “books” and sending the page to the nodes of decentralised technology. Using password algorithms to ensure that participants on the network can see only the contents of their related books, the transactions are seatbelts, authorized and validated. If you want to tamper with the data, it is not enough to attack the central database, but it is almost impossible to “collaborate” most of the nodes.

2.12 提高效率，节约成本

2.12 Efficiency gains and cost savings

传统的商业模式中，每个参与方都有自己的账本，在交易时各自更改，所以各方都产生了协调各参与方而带来额外的工作。此外，为了解决各方的信任问题，常常需要一个中介机构来进行协调和管理，而各方都要支付给中介一定的服务费用，成本较高。

In the traditional business model, each participant had its own account book and changed it at the time of the transaction, so each party had created additional work to coordinate the various participants. Moreover, in order to address the issue of trust between the parties, there was often a need for an intermediary to coordinate and manage, while each party had to pay the broker for a certain amount of services at a higher cost.

区块链架构使每一个商业网络的参与方都有一个共享的账本，当交易发生时，通过点对点的复制改变所有账本。去除了信任化，不必借助中介或对业务“合同”重复处理，从而优化业务流程、提高效率、节约成本。

The block chain structure allows each participant in the business network to have a shared account book, and when a transaction takes place, changes all accounts through a point-to-point reproduction. Without trusting, business processes, efficiency gains, and cost savings need not be optimized through intermediaries or duplication of business “contracts.”

2.13 高可用性

2.13 High availability

区块链系统是每个节点都在实体的操作与控制下维护一整个副本，再基于共识算法使数据保持一致的活性系统。在这样的活性系统下，单个节点遭到黑客攻击、硬件出现故障、软件发生错误或网络遇到问题等情况均不会影响其他节点，也不会影响整个系统。该节点要想再投入工作，只需要排除故障、同步数据即可。此外，由于个别节点出现问题不会影响整个系统的稳定运行，一些节点可以下线进行系统的例行维修。这些都是区块链高可用性的体现。

Block chain systems are active systems in which each node maintains an entire copy of the entity's operations and controls, and where data are aligned on the basis of consensus algorithms. In such a system, individual nodes are not affected by hacking, hardware failure, software error or network problems, nor by the entire system. To be re-engaged, it is sufficient to remove malfunctions and synchronize data. In addition, as problems in individual nodes do not affect the stable functioning of the system, some nodes can perform routine maintenance of the system offline. These are examples of the high availability of the block chain.

2.14 自动化

2.14 Automation

区块链的自动化是指通过智能合约实现业务流程的自动完成，还有可信度高、透明、实时、强制的优点。智能合约是与区块链1.0最大的差别，即通过高级的编程语言把现实中的业务逻辑在区块链上加以实现。以往智能合约由于一直没有一个合适的运行环境，即支持可信代码的运行，故无法自动执行，但区K链的出现让智能合约不再只是一个构想。结合资产数字化与智能合约就可以通过区块链来描述许多现实中的业务场景，从而将区块链应用到各个领域。

Automation of block chains refers to the automatic completion of business processes through smart contracts, along with the advantages of high credibility, transparency, real-time, and enforcement. Smart contracts are the most different from block chains, 1.0, which is the realization of realistic business logic on block chains through advanced programming language. Smart contracts could not be automatically executed in the absence of a suitable operating environment, i.e. supporting the operation of credible codes, but the emergence of sector K chains makes smart contracts no longer a concept.

2.2 区块链的劣势

2.2 Disadvantages in the block chain

2.21 隐私保护不强

2.21 Inadequacy of privacy protection

传统信息系统中数据的隐私保护通常是由中心来进行的，但是在区块链中，所有的数据对于所有节点的参与者都是共享的、透明的。现在区块链对于隐私保护的解决方案是匿名，即只可以看到交易的信息，但看不到是现实中的哪个人进行的交易。该方案对于一些领域可以解决隐私问题，如比特币，但是区块链必将应用到更广阔的领域，而对于一些需要实名的领域，这样的解决方案可能不再适用。同态加密等新型密码学的思想或许可以解决区块链的隐私保护问题。

The privacy protection of data in traditional information systems is usually done at the centre, but in block chains all data are shared and transparent for all nodes. The solution for privacy protection now is anonymous, i.e. only information can be seen about the transaction, but it does not see who is actually doing the transaction. The programme can address privacy issues in some areas, such as Bitcoin, but the chain is bound to apply to a wider area, and such solutions may no longer be applicable in some areas that require a real name. New cryptography, such as homogenous encryption, may solve privacy protection problems in block chains.

2.22 耗费大量资源

2.22 High cost of resources

区块链耗费大量资源主要体现全网算力和网络宽带两个方面。由于区块链是各节点都可以记账，然后再选择记的最快最好的帐，所以全网的算力不是类似于云计算的协同合作。每次只选择一个节点的记账成果，那么其他节点的运算就失去作用，被浪费。东北一家有2500台矿机的挖矿厂每月电费达40万元。另外，区块链在运算时需要耗费大量宽带资源，甚至可能导致网络性能瘫痪。

The block chain consumes a lot of resources, mainly in terms of full network computing and network broadband. Since block chains are nodes to be accounted for, and then the fastest and best accounts to be recorded, the full network is not a sort of coordinated collaboration similar to cloud computing. Each time a single node is selected, the other nodes are lost and wasted.

2.23 升级机制不完善

2.23 Inadequacy of the upgrading mechanism

传统的信息系统进行升级修复时只需要先暂停运行进行集中升级即可，而区块链的升级机制与传统的信息系统不同，即区块链无法关闭系统来进行集中升级。现在的主要解决方案有软、硬分叉升级机制，但是还处在摸索阶段，有待完善。或许稍稍弱化“去中心”或实行多中心可以帮助解决该问题。

Traditional information system upgrades require only a suspension of centralized upgrades, unlike traditional information systems, where the chain of blocks cannot be shut down for central upgrades. The main solution now is soft, hard-fork upgrades, but they are still in the tweaking phase and need to be refined. Perhaps a slight weakening of the “go centre” or multicentres can help solve this problem.

2.24 技术难操作

2.24 Technically difficult to operate

区块链作为一个全新的思想理念和技术，对于许多企业来说，从理解理念，到接受认同区块链，再到实际运用区块链技术都不是轻而易举的。此外，互联网是区块链的基础，目前等待解决的问题还有很多。因此对于不熟悉网络安全知识的用户而言，即使将加密算法、共识算法作为黑箱的一部分，应用起来还是有一定难度的，外包也要支付大量的费用。因此，区块链自身的复杂性可能会让一些企业望而生畏，选择保持原有的系统。

As a whole new concept and technology, block chains are not easy for many businesses to understand, to accept, and then to actually apply, block chain technologies. Moreover, the Internet is the foundation of block chains, and there are many issues to be resolved. So, even if encryption algorithms, consensus algorithms are part of a black box, outsourcing can be difficult for users who are not familiar with network security.

3.区块链在供应链领域的应用趋势

3. Trends in the application of block chains in the supply chain area

3.1 业务流程的跟踪查询

3.1 Business process tracking queries

我国物流现在还存在着快递丢失、错领误领、快递员冒快递、信息泄露、信息难以追溯等问题。通过区块链技术记录货物从出发到接收过程中的所有步骤，并且不可篡改，从而确保信息的可跟踪性。比如对于多式联运，业务要经过多次中转，故信息很容易缺失。而区块链技术的应用可以保证各个参与方共享完整的信息，且易追溯和问责。对于快递业务，区块链技术的应用可以保证顾客签收行为的可验证性，从而避免错领误领、快递员冒领的现象发生。

For example, in the case of multimodal transport, the operation has to pass through multiple transits, so that information is easily missing. The application of block chain technology ensures that participants share complete information and can be easily traced and accountable.

3.2 产品的防伪追溯

3.2 Counterfeiting retroactivity of products

区块链可以完整记录产品整个整个生命周期的信息，包括采购、运输、生产、加工、配送、销售、售后等环节。应用区块链技术后，当产品出现问题时可以追溯到产品的原材料来自哪里、由谁运输、在哪里生产和加工、什么公司进行配送、在哪里销售及谁负责售后等信息，可以快速、清楚地找到出现问题的地方，且具有不可抵赖性，从而精准、快速问责。同时，也可以避免产品被伪造，有利于打假，保证消费者和各方利益。

Block chains can record complete information on the entire life cycle of the product, including procurement, transportation, production, processing, distribution, sales, and after-sales. When they apply block chain technology, they can trace the origin of the raw material of the product, by whom it is transported, by where it is produced and processed, by what company, where it is distributed, and by whom it is sold and who is responsible.

3.3 实现智能化运输

3.3 Intelligent transport

目前欧洲已经有地方利用区块链、借助集装箱尝试实现智能化运输，即把集装箱信息存储在数据库，区块链的存储解决方案会自动决定集装箱的运输路线和日程安排，还可以对以往的运输经验进行分析，不断更新路线和日程设计技能，使效率不断提高。对于收货人来说，不但可以随时掌握货物从出发到目的地全过程的物流信息，而且可以随时修改优化货物运输的日程安排。

In Europe, there is already local use of block chains and container attempts for intelligent transport, i.e. storage of container information in databases, storage solutions for block chains automatically determine the route and schedule of containers, and analysis of past transport experiences, and continuous updating of route and schedule design skills to make them more efficient. For consignees, logistics information is readily available from the point of departure to the destination, and the schedule for cargo transport can be modified at any time.

3.4 替代港航EDI的应用

3.4 Application of alternative port EDI

在进出口贸易中，涉及到采购方、销售方、承运人、港口及海关等众多主体，有十几种业务单证，极为繁琐和复杂。现在各国都是由EDI服务商来专门负责数据的整合与交换，由于只有EDI服务商一个中心，因此存在着信息泄露和数据安全等问题。此外，由于各个参与方的数据都有不同的标准和格式，造成了现在数据标准与格式混杂的复杂局面。有着“去中心化”和“去信任化”特点的区块链可以取代EDI服务商的应用，使其不再是中心。供应链上各个参与方都是平等的，都可以共享各环节的物流信息，可以用统一的格式对数据进行更新，从而节约成本和高效交换数据。当某环节出现问题时，也可以快速追溯，精准问责。

In import-export trade, there are a dozen types of business documents, which are extremely cumbersome and complex. All countries are now dedicated to data integration and exchange by EDI service providers, and since there is only one centre for EDI service providers, there are problems of information disclosure and data security. Moreover, data standards and formats are mixed with those of various participants because of different standards and formats. A block chain characterized by “decentralization” and “detrusting” can replace EDI service provider applications and make them no longer central.

3.5 完善供应链金融的管理

3.5 Improving supply chain finance management

供应链金融主要是通过授信供应链上的核心企业，为上下游的中小微企业提供金融服务。但是我国的供应链金融遇到了交易流程不够透明，核心企业对上下游企业评级和信息识别能力有限的瓶颈，而区块链的应用可以解决这些问题。

Supply chain finance provides financial services to small and medium-sized enterprises up and down, mainly through core firms in the chain of letters. But supply chain finance in our country faces bottlenecks in the transparency of trading processes, with core firms having limited capacity to rate and identify upstream and downstream firms, and the application of block chains can address these problems.

首先区块链可以实现所有交易流程和数据的准确记录，且不可篡改，实现供应链上各参与方数据的共享与同步。区块链使得所有数据透明公开化也打消了银行对中小企业交易数据的可信度的疑虑，从而降低了中小微企业贷款的难度。

First, block chains allow for the accurate recording of all transactional processes and data, and cannot be tampered with, sharing and synchronizing the data of the various participants in the supply chain. Block chains ease bank doubts about the credibility of SME transaction data by making all data transparent and open, thus reducing the difficulty of lending to MSMEs.

对于核心企业对上下游企业评级和信息识别能力有限的问题，银行可以将区块链应用在供应链上所有的企业，来实现企业信用评级和信息识别的智能化，从而减少信用评级和信息核实的难度。

With regard to the limited ability of core enterprises to rate and identify upstream and downstream enterprises, banks can use block chains for all enterprises in the supply chain to smarten corporate credit ratings and information recognition, thereby reducing the difficulty of credit rating and information verification.

此外，现在我国银行对于供应链金融中“预付款融资”和“存款融资”的在押品管理难度较大，即使安排“巡核员”也不能保证在押品确实在押。银行可以通过区块链来进行资产的智能化管理，从而清楚、准确地掌握在押品的实时状态，减少风险和成本。

In addition, our banks are now more difficult to manage in custody “advance financing” and “deposit financing” in supply chain finance, and even the placement of “supervisors” does not guarantee that the detainees are actually in custody. Banks can use the block chain for the intelligent management of assets, thereby providing a clear and accurate picture of the real-time status of the detainees and reducing risks and costs.

4.结论

Conclusions

区块链作为一个新兴的技术和理念，有着去中心化、集体维护、去信任、可靠数据库、匿名化、可扩展的特征，可能颠覆我们现有的一切体系。与传统的信息系统相比，区块链技术有着去中心化，不可篡改、提高效率，节约成本、高可用性、自动化，智能化的优点。但是作为一个还未成熟的技术，区块链也有着隐私保护不强、耗费大量资源、升级机制不完善和技术难操作的劣势。目前的区块链技术大多应用在金融领域，其他领域还在展望和探索阶段。可以预测到区块链在供应链领域会有业务流程的跟踪查询、产品的防伪追溯、实现智能化运输、替代港航EDI的应用和完善供应链金融的管理的应用，值得期待，但是要真正落实区块链在供应链领域的应用恐怕还需要一段时间的努力。

As an emerging technology and concept, block chains have the advantage of decentralizing, collective maintenance, detrust, reliable databases, anonymity, and scalable features that could destabilize all our existing systems. Compared to traditional information systems, block chain technologies have the advantage of decentralizing, non-alterable, efficient, cost-saving, high-availability, automation, and intelligentness. But, as an undeveloped technology, block chains also have the disadvantage of less privacy protection, costly resources, imperfect upgrading mechanisms, and technical difficulties.

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区块链技术范文第6篇

【关键词】区块链；金融行业；数字货币；数字金融；金融科技

[keywords] block chain; financial sector; digital currency; digital finance; financial technology

2019年10月24日，总书记在重要讲话中指出，“我们要把区块链作为核心技术自主创新的重要突破口，明确主攻方向，加大投入力度，着力攻克一批关键核心技术，加快推动区块链技术和产业创新发展”。总书记的讲话高屋建瓴，具有重大指导意义。这是区块链技术首次得到国家层面的高度重视和高级别定位，标志着区块链技术已上升到国家战略高度，代表我国未来发展的方向。在肺炎疫情防控常态化期间，区块链正在与5G通信、云计算、人工智能等新技术融合起来，共同推动数字经济和智慧城市的发展，未来势必对经济模式、金融组织和社会环境产生深刻的影响，甚至重塑经济社会生态。

On 24 October 2019, the Secretary-General stated in an important speech that “we shall make the block chain an important entry point for core technological autonomy, define the direction to be taken, increase our investment in a number of key core technologies and accelerate the development of technological and industrial innovation in the block chain.” The Secretary-General's speech was the first time that the block chain technology had received high priority and high-level positioning at the national level, marking the rise of the block chain technology to national strategic heights, representing the direction of the country's future development. During the period of constantization of the pneumonia epidemic, the block chain is integrating with new technologies such as 5G communications, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and promoting the digital economy and the development of intelligent cities, which will inevitably have a profound impact on the economic model, financial organization and social environment, and even reshaping the socio-economic ecology of the economy.

1区块链技术的内涵

Content of block chain technology

最初，人们是通过比特币了解到区块链技术的。尽管比特币目前面临较大争议，但是比特币的技术核心区块链却可以继续深加挖掘，带来新一轮的技术革新，比特币也成为区块链技术最早和最具代表性的应用[1]。区块链技术主要由共识机制、密码学原理和分布式存储三大技术构成。所谓共识机制，是指区块链具有“少数服从多数”的特点，区块链节点由多方参与共同维护，共识结果需要各个节点达成一致。密码学原理是指区块链技术涉及私钥和公钥两种数字加密技术。信息加密发送时需要使用公钥，而解码信息则使用私钥。与传统的储存方式不同，区块链分布式储存的每个节点都按照块链式结构布局，而且每个节点的存储都是独立的。区块链技术的本质是一个共享的共同维护的数据库，而这三大技术使得存储于区块链中的信息具有去中心化、不可篡改、全程留痕、可以追溯、公开透明等特点。因此，区块链有利于降低成本、提高效率、优化业务流程、实现技术增信，受到各行业的欢迎和重视。

Initially, the block chain technology was known through Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin is currently subject to considerable controversy, the bitcoin technology core chain can continue to be dug deep, leading to a new round of technological innovations, and Bitcoin is the first and most representative application of block chain technology [1]. The block chain technology consists mainly of three main technologies: consensus mechanisms, cryptography, and distributional storage.

2区块链技术在金融行业应用的路径

Paths to the application of block-chain technologies in the financial sector

随着数字时代的到来，区块链技术应用的关键在于与各行业融合，形成区块链产业化，而金融行业以其先天优势与区块链技术具有极高的契合度。无论是个人的日常理财，还是企业或金融机构的投融资活动，抑或是中央银行对资本的管控，都需要可信的数据为其决策做支撑。因此，区块链技术在金融领域的应用覆盖面广，模式多样，影响深刻。

With the advent of the digital age, the key to the application of block-chain technology is the industrialization of block-chains by integrating with industries, and the financial sector, with its pregenital advantages, has a very high degree of convergence with block-chain technology. Both the day-to-day management of an individual’s finances, the financing activities of an enterprise or financial institution, or the central bank’s regulation of capital, require credible data to support their decision-making.

2.1供应链金融

2.1 Supply chain finance

我国小微企业数量庞大，对经济贡献度高，被称作经济的“毛细血管”，然而融资难问题一直困扰着小微企业，阻碍小微企业的创新发展。大量小微企业在疫情期间遭受重创，急需资金输血。供应链金融则是解决小微企业融资难的有效手段之一[2]。在不改变现有信贷模式的基础上，区块链平台覆盖整个供应链内的上下游企业，包括核心企业、供应商、经销商、物流公司等。小微企业的全部交易信息都上链记录和储存，并支持防伪溯源。至此，小微企业经营状况和资金周转情况的可信度得以保障。金融机构根据区块链内的信息进行风险评估，可以降低风控成本，提高借贷业务效率。信用状况良好、还款能力强的小微企业便能够更便利地融资，形成金融机构与小微企业的双赢局面。交叉验证是区块链技术保证数据可信度的主要方法之一，在供应链金融运作过程中发挥着重要作用。例如，仓单质押融资是小微企业通过供应链融资的手段之一。企业购买的原材料、零部件及加工后的制成品在交易物流中要经过多个仓库，仓单便是仓库管理人员在收到仓储货物后开具的凭证，存货人可凭此提取货物或者作为资产质押融资。在引入区块链技术之前，仓单质押融资这种极具潜力的融资手段很少被使用，主要原因就是仓单容易造假，给金融机构风险防控带来巨大压力。仓单造假通常是信息不对称引起的，金融机构核查仓单真实性的成本太高，往往会拒绝仓单质押融资，使得小微企业又失去一个可以用作融资的工具。区块链技术能够有效解决这一尴尬局面，依靠的就是其交叉验证的共识机制。电子仓单必须多个机构交叉验证才能成功“入链”，成为数字仓单。当存货持有者发起创建数字仓单请求后，区块链各节点会在各自的数据库内查找相关证据，仓库出具库存照片，物流机构出具运输物流记录，质检机构出具货物质检信息等。各个节点的查证过程也就是交叉验证的过程，全部在区块链内完成，可以迅速核实信息的真实性，依靠区块链技术的共识机制，一旦核验完成即达成多方共识，有效避免仓单造假。仓单质押融资成为小微企业通过供应链融资的有效方法[3]。

On the basis of existing credit models, the block-chain platform covers upstream and downstream enterprises throughout the supply chain, including core enterprises, suppliers, distributors, logistics companies, etc. The problem of financing small-scale enterprises, which are called the economy, has plagued small-scale enterprises, hindering their innovative development. The problem of financing is, however, that small-scale micro-enterprises, whose entire trade information has been captured and stored, have been hampered by the problem of small-scale micro-enterprises, preventing their innovative development. A large number of small-scale micro-enterprises have suffered severe damage during the epidemic, requiring urgent financial transfers. Supply chain finance is one of the most effective means of financing small-scale enterprises, which, on the basis of information in the chain, can reduce the costs and improve the efficiency of their lending operations.

2.2数字资产

2.2 Digital assets

数字经济时代，数据将成为一种新型资产和生产要素，为我国经济发展注入新动力，并影响未来的财富分配。2.2.1数字票据作为金融行业的传统业务，票据市场的发展面临不少困境。一方面，大多数电子票据仍然需要与纸质凭证匹配生效，验证和交易流程复杂烦琐；另一方面，我国经常发生票据造假事件，由于信息不对称，所以存在一票多报或虚报的欺诈现象，严重影响票据市场的健康发展。区块链技术凭借其不可篡改和防伪溯源的特性，可以有效解决票据市场面临的困难。纸质票据和电子票据向数据票据转变，成为新型数字资产，票据交易通过区块链平成。区块链技术特有的时间戳和智能合约能够清晰地反映票据的签发、背书、流通等全过程，实现高效、便捷的资产存储、价值提取和转移，提升票据交易效率和安全性[4]。2.2.2资产证券化作为近20年最受关注的金融创新之一，资产证券化缺乏流动性，但可以将具有预期稳定现金流的资产汇集起来，形成一个资产池，通过结构性重组，使之成为可以在金融市场上出售和流通的证券，从而衍生出新型融资方式。资产证券化是一种结构性融资方式，整个过程参与主体多，流程较复杂，需要大量的数据和材料披露，目前国内市场运作效率不高。此外，资产证券化依赖于对基础资产的尽职调查，但资产支持证券定价缺乏统一的标准，因此风险较大。区块链技术可以帮助资产证券化简化流程，提高效率。通过去中心化的联盟链，基础资产的准确信息可以实时上传和分享，数字化信息披露能够提高证券化资产信息的可信度，降低投资人风险，减少沟通成本。同时，方便监管部门的动态监控，提前防范系统性风险。

In an era of digital economy, data will become a new asset and production factor, giving new impetus to the country’s economic development and affecting future distribution of wealth. 2.2.1 Digital instruments, as a traditional business in the financial sector, are difficult to develop. On the one hand, most electronic instruments still need to be matched to paper documents, and the certification and trading processes are cumbersome; on the other hand, there are frequent cases of paper frauds that, because of information asymmetry, have a significant impact on the healthy development of the paper market. By virtue of their immutable and anti-smuggling characteristics, they can effectively address the difficulties facing the paper market.

2.3数字货币

2.3 Digital currency

区块链技术是人们在探索比特币的过程中被创造出来的，比特币的发明者中本聪最初的设想便是创造一种数字货币。虽然比特币目前面临较大的争议，多数情况是作为一种投资产品被大众熟知，但是借由比特币诞生的区块链却可以成为新型数字货币的核心技术。数字人民币（DCEP）是中国人民银行发行的数字形式的法定货币，与纸币、硬币等价，具有国家信用背书，这种新型数字货币的核心技术之一便是区块链。首先，数字人民币可以与纸币、硬币自由兑换，不会对现有的稳定货币体系造成太大冲击。其次，数字人民币的区块链节点是由中国人民银行和各大商业银行控制的，便于金融监管，最大限度地实现技术性与安全性的兼顾。此外，区块链的防篡改、可追踪和私钥加密技术可以有效防范货币伪造、虚假交易和其他不法行为。最后，数字人民币使得各方面的经济数据更加准确，便于评估和分析，从而支撑政策的制定和执行。如今，以微信支付和支付宝为代表的互联网支付平台使大众不需要携带纸币便能够便捷地购物消费，但是微信和支付宝属于第三方支付，要通过商业银行的存款账户进行结算。数字人民币是央行直接发行的，安全性更高，摆脱了第三方电子支付所需的银行账户绑定限制。此外，支付宝和微信支付对网络环境要求较高，数字人民币则不受网络信号的限制，支持离线支付，简单便捷，对广大老年群体更加友好。2020年末，数字人民币已经在深圳、苏州、北京等地开展试点工作，成效颇丰。作为全世界第一个投入试点的法定数字货币，数字人民币受到国际社会的广泛关注。因此数字人民币具有国家战略意义，能够增强人民币的国际影响力，有效保障人民币的体系和币值稳定，提高跨境支付效率，促进我国的进出口贸易发展。在数字经济时代，数字货币必然会成为影响国际竞争的重要因素，我国明显已经具备先发优势，数字人民币在试点的基础上不断地完善并正式推出后，将为我国的经济发展注入新动力，进一步提高我国的国际地位和话语权。

While bitcoin is currently subject to much controversy, most of the situation is known as an investment product, but the chain of blocks created by bitcoin can become the core technology of a new digital currency. The digital renminbi (DCEP) is the legal currency issued by the Chinese People’s Bank in the form of money, coins, coins with a national credit endorsement, and one of the core technologies of the new digital currency is the grid of the country. First, the digital renminbi, which can be freely converted into a currency of the world’s exports and imports, does not have a disproportionate impact on the existing stable international monetary system. Second, the digital currency’s segment, which is controlled by the Chinese People’s Bank and the commercial banks, facilitates financial regulation, maximizes the technical and security balance. Moreover, the artificiality of the regional chains, with traceable and private-key encryption, is effective in preventing currency counterfeiting, counterfeiting, and other diversions of foreign currency.

2.4数字征信

2.4 Digital letters

自从2013年国务院颁布实施《征信业管理条例》和《征信业管理办法》以来，我国非常重视征信业的发展。个人征信业务和企业征信业务的普及能够维护社会秩序和金融经济稳定，在社会信用体系建设中发挥重要作用。但目前我国的征信体系并不完善，综合信用的评定需要各个部门多方参与配合，例如商业银行、税务部门、公安部门、司法部门、市场监管部门、环保部门等，效率低下，并且容易造成信息重复或错误记录。区块链技术可以有效解决征信系统目前的问题。各利益分散的部门成为区块链上的节点，根据区块链的交叉验证和共识机制原理，一项数据的成功上链需要多个相关节点的验证即可自动完成。而且，区块链内的数据透明、不可篡改，有效避免联合造假的情况发生。从商业银行的角度来说，各银行在区块链内共享客户信用信息，当客户向银行申请贷款时，银行可直接查询区块链平台内的数据，而不用向央行申请征信报告的查询服务，大大提高了效率和服务水平[5-6]。

Since 2013, when the Department of State promulgated the Regulations on the Regulation of the Reckoning Industry and the Measures for the Administration of the Reckoning Industry, great importance has been attached to the development of the credit collection industry. The spread of individual and enterprise credit operations can maintain social order and financial and economic stability and play an important role in the construction of social credit systems. However, the credit collection system is currently incomplete, and the evaluation of integrated credit requires the participation of various sectors, such as commercial banks, tax authorities, public security departments, the judiciary, market regulators, environmental authorities, etc., and is inefficient and prone to duplication of information or misrecording.

3区块链技术在金融行业应用的对策建议

Recommendations for responses to the application of block-chain technologies in the financial sector

3.1加大区块链技术的研究投入

3.1 Research inputs into techniques to enhance the block chain

首先，在政策上要继续给予区块链技术的研究大力支持，加快研究团队的建设，提供足够的研究经费和补贴。要密切跟进研究动态和阶段性成果，针对目前存在的问题寻求技术突破和创新，尤其要注意学术界与产业界的合作，尽快将技术上的成就应用到实践中来，实现区块链产业化。其次，应积极参与区块链技术的国际交流，关注国际最新研究成果。目前，我国的区块链技术研究在全球处于前列，在保证这一地位的基础上应与国际学者展开合作，参与国际区块链应用规则的制定，提高我国在新兴技术领域的国际话语权。

First, there is a need to continue to give policy support to research on block chain technology, to speed up the development of research teams, and to provide adequate research funding and subsidies. There is a need to follow up closely on research developments and milestones, to seek technological breakthroughs and innovations in response to current problems, and to pay particular attention to cooperation between academia and industry, to apply technological achievements to practice as soon as possible and to industrialization of the block chain. Secondly, we should actively participate in the international exchange of block chain technology and focus on the latest international research results.

3.2加强区块链数字金融的法律监管

3.2 Strengthen legal regulation of block chain digital finance

区块链技术在金融行业的应用受到研究人员和投资者的欢迎，但其治理机制尚不成熟，尤其是相关完整的法律还没出台，监管面临较大的困难。作为新兴技术，区块链在金融行业的应用需要必要的法律规范和适度的监管。尽管区块链为金融行业注入了新动力，但是出现洗钱、非法融资等网络犯罪行为时，监管部门必须介入并打击，这就要求现行法律体系与区块链金融不断磨合，逐步弥合两者目前存在的鸿沟，必要时应出整的针对区块链金融的法律法规。此外，还可以通过牌照或许可证制度规范区块链金融业务，对运营者实行实名登记的备案制或审核制。总之，区块链监管需要审慎灵活的监管理念，既要给予一定的技术创新和容错空间，又要严厉打击犯罪行为，需要把握好监管的尺度，不能一成不变地套用既有的法律和监管框架。

As an emerging technology, the application of block chains in the financial sector requires the necessary legal regulation and adequate regulation. While the sector chains give new impetus to the financial sector, the regulatory sector must intervene and combat cybercrimes such as money-laundering and illegal financing, which requires that the existing legal system and block-chain finance are constantly coupled with each other, gradually closing the existing gap and, if necessary, putting in place comprehensive laws and regulations for block-chain finance. In addition, physical registration or auditing of operators can be regulated through licensing or licensing systems.

3.3加大区块链金融产品的推广力度

3.3 Increased promotion of block chain financial products

区块链金融产品的推广需要充分发挥国家的政策引导作用。一是加快数字人民币的建设进程。货币是金融和经济的载体，要适应数字经济时代就必须尽快将数字货币法定化。目前，央行发行的数字人民币已经进入第三轮试点，受到商家和消费者的广泛欢迎，成果颇丰，具有无限的前景。因此，在对数字人民币进行逐步的试验和完善后，应趁热打铁进行推广。二是引导资本对区块链技术的商业性投入。企业也应将目光放长远，看清区块链技术对传统产业的重塑性作用，完善区块链研发与应用相结合的投融资模式。三是加强对区块链数字金融的宣传科普。不了解会导致不信任，因此要提高民众对新技术的接受度就应该普及区块链基本知识，在网络和社区宣传区块链金融的优点和好处，为将来区块链在证券交易、支付结算等领域的试点工作做铺垫。

At present, the digital renminbi issued by the central bank has entered the third round of pilot projects, which has been widely welcomed by business and consumers, and has had unlimited prospects. Therefore, the gradual testing and refinement of the digital renminbi should be promoted, taking into account the need for capital to invest in the commercial aspects of block-chain technology. Enterprises should also look at the long term, see how block-chain technology can re-engineer traditional industries, and refine the financing model that combines the development and application of block-chain finance.

4结语

4 Concluding remarks

在全球进入区块链时代的大背景下，数字经济翻开了新篇章。区块链技术在国家的高度重视下必将与各行业深度融合，其中金融行业凭借其得天独厚的优势与区块链有较高的契合度。本文着重分析了区块链技术在供应链金融、数字资产、数字货币和数字征信4个方面的应用模式。针对目前区块链金融的困境，本文分析了原因，并提出了对策建议。未来，金融行业将会在数字化的浪潮中重构自身，取得新的发展。

The digital economy opens a new chapter in the context of an era of global entry into the block chain. Block-chain technology is bound to become deeply integrated with industries, with the financial sector enjoying a high degree of convergence with the block chain, thanks to its unique advantages.

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［6］何宏庆．区块链驱动数字金融高质量发展：优势、困境与进路［J］．兰州学刊，2020（11）：1-13.

[6] Ho Hongqing. Block chains drive high-quality digital finance development: strengths, dilemmas and paths [J]. Ran State Journal, 2020 (11): 1-13.

区块链技术范文第7篇

【关键词】大数据；区块链；共享经济

[keywords] big data; block chains; shared economy

1引言

Introduction

共享经济是当前社会发展中所衍生出来的一种经济发展模式，共享经济最初主要依托大数据进行发展，对社会中的闲置资源进行充分利用，实现经济循环化，这使社会闲散资源的剩余价值得到了充分的发挥。但是值得一提的是，由于仅依靠大数据技术，共享经济模式在发展的过程中常常会出现一些问题。此时，拥有信息公开化、去中心化特征的区块链技术就具备了较高的利用价值，区块链技术对于共享经济的发展来说是极为有利的。因此，将大数据与区块链技术充分结合对促进共享经济发展有着极为有利的作用与意义。

The shared economy is a model of economic development that emerges from current social development, with the shared economy initially developing on the basis of large data, making full use of idle resources in society, and recycling the economy, making full use of the residual value of idle resources in society. It is worth noting, however, that the shared economy model often presents problems in the development process, owing to the reliance on large data technology alone.

2区块链技术在共享经济中应用的必要性

The need for the application of block chain technology in the shared economy

2.1降低共享产品的交易成本

2.1 Reduce transaction costs for shared products

随着社会经济的发展，共享经济的出现使得社会上闲散的资源都能够被充分利用，共享经济的快速发展也正是因为可以利用较低的成本去创造较高的经济价值，将闲散的社会资源发挥出高于自身成本数倍的价值。值得一提的是，在共享经济模式快速发展的过程中，共享经济企业逐渐有了较为成熟的发展思想，那就是自身必须对推出的共享产品进行一定的补贴才能促使共享经济良好持续地发展。这就出现了一种共享经济发展现象，即在共享产品刚刚进入市场时，共享经济企业对共享产品的补贴可能会高于共享产品带给企业的效益，提升了共享产品的交易成本。以共享充电宝为例，企业通过与当地商家达成协议，将共享充电宝基站放在商家较为显眼的位置，用户自行扫码下单后，取出充电宝充电，而此时企业会为首次使用共享充电宝的用户提供免费充电服务，这样一来企业对用户的补贴就高于产品为自身所带来的价值，这就使得共享产品的交易成本被充分降低。如果应用了区块链技术，就可以为用户智能匹配距离最近的充电宝位置，有效避免资源的重复或过度投入，依靠区块链技术实现信息的快速传递进而降低交易成本。

It is worth mentioning that, in the process of rapid development of the shared economy model, shared economic enterprises have developed more mature ideas about how they have to subsidize shared products in order to promote sound and sustainable development of the shared economy. This is a phenomenon of shared economic development, in which the subsidies of shared economic enterprises to shared products are likely to be higher than the benefits that shared products bring to the business and raise the transaction costs of shared products. In the case of shared power-filling, businesses have, through agreement with local traders, placed shared power-filling plants in more prominent positions, and users have to cut their own shares of shared products off of the list in order to promote good and sustainable development of the shared economy. At this point, businesses will provide free-of-charge power-filling services to first users of the shared power-filled products, so that companies’ subsidies to users are likely to be higher than the value of shared products to the enterprise itself.

2.2提升共享产品用户的信用等级

2.2 Improved credit ratings of users of shared products

对于共享经济来说，信用一直是极为重要的发展基础。信用也是交易双方维持公平合理交易关系的重要基础，在传统经济和共享经济中都有着极为重要的基础价值。以共享产品中具有代表性的共享单车为例，共享单车在被用户使用的过程中为避免损毁丢弃现象的发生，会与用户的个人信用绑定，这样一来形成对双方的约束，不仅可以充分保护共享单车不被损坏丢弃，还能提升共享产品用户的信用等级。由此可见，在共享经济的发展中信用的作用是极大的。基于此，在共享经济发展中充分利用区块链技术不仅可以将区块链技术的优势充分发挥出来，还能提升用户信用等级的准确性，充分解决用户伪造信用记录等问题。区块链技术对于共享经济发展的推动作用包括以下几个方面：首先，区块链技术根据自身的技术优势可以将用户的信用公开透明化，保障用户信用的真实性，有效杜绝用户信用造假的风险；其次，区域链技术可以为共享经济交易双方提供一份电子合同，这可以充分保障因为交易其中一方毁约而导致剩余一方利益受损的问题不会发生，对共享经济的发展提供了切实的保障服务。

Credit has been an essential basis for development in the shared economy. Credit is also an important basis for fair and equitable trading relations between trading parties, and is of vital value in both traditional and shared economies. On the basis of this, the full use of block-chain technology in shared economic development not only allows the full realization of the advantages of block-chain technology, but also enhances the accuracy of user credit ratings and adequately addresses issues such as the falsification of credit records by users in the process of being used by them.

2.3实现全球经济信息共享

2.3 Global economic information-sharing

首先，在共享经济发展中融入区块链技术可以充分体现自身的价值，帮助共享经济将大数据技术与区块链技术充分融合，形成共享经济发展新模式；其次，可以充分体现区块链技术中的去中心化优势，将对用户的限制情况降到最低，并且还能将行业之间的信息充分共享，消除信息差、信息不对称的情况，将行业垄断僵局彻底打破，将全球的资源进行充分整合，并充分应用于共享经济发展模式；最后，利用区块链技术还能充分利用国际认可的电子货币进行交易，以此充分解决国家之间的交易差异化问题，实现全球经济信息共享[1]。

First, the technology of integration into block chains in shared economic development can fully represent its value and help the shared economy fully integrate large data technologies with block chain technologies to form a new model of shared economic development; second, it can fully reflect the decentralized advantage of block chain technologies that will minimize user constraints and allow for the full sharing of information between industries, the elimination of poor and asymmetric information, the complete breaking of the deadlock of industrial monopolies, the full integration of global resources and their full application to shared economic development models; and, lastly, the use of block chain technologies can also fully address the differences in transactions between countries through the full use of internationally recognized electronic currencies as a means of trading [1].

3区块链技术的主要优势

Key advantages of block chain technology

3.1区块链技术在金融征信领域的优势

3.1 The advantages of block chain technology in the area of financial letters

共享经济对大数据技术的充分利用，可以切实保障企业与用户的信用情况，并且通过这种形式能够对信用数据的准确性与合理性进行保障，实现内部信息数据的安全共享。此外，当前共享经济中包含的信息数据是极为庞大的，因此，在处理这些信息数据的过程中常常会出现一定的问题。例如，因为这些信息数据的储存方式过于集中，一旦发生泄露风险会出现极大的社会影响。而且由于数据量极为庞大，想要对某一部分信息数据进行利用时，往往需要花费较长的时间。一些传统企业想要利用大数据发展共享经济时，往往缺乏相应的硬件支持，对信息数据的更新与处理效率达不到相应的要求。因此，倘若在我国金融征信领域中充分利用区块链技术，就可以切实解决以往金融征信领域的相应问题。第一，可以利用区块链技术将以往集中化存储的信息数据变为分散式，这种储存方式可以充分将信息数据进行分散存储，在面对泄露风险时仅仅会以点的形式泄露，充分避免因集中式储存发生大规模信息泄露的风险；第二，可以在共享信息数据时利用区块链进行同步，将信息数据储存在一个个节点之中，这样一来，节点数据可以被快速地查找到，实现信息数据的及时共享，这对于信息数据的传播效率来说是极为重要的。值得一提的是，在信息数据共享的过程中，由于信息数据都是以节点的形式进行储存的，因此，只有明确当前节点的地址与密码才能对该节点的信息数据进行查看，切实提升了共享经济中信息数据的安全性[2]。

In addition, the information data currently contained in the shared economy is extremely large, so that the corresponding problems often arise in processing such data. For example, because these data are stored in such a way that the risks of leakage occur are too concentrated to be socially significant. And because of the enormous amount of data, it often takes a longer time to use a certain part of the information data. Some of the traditional enterprises want to use the large data-sharing economy to develop the information-sharing economy in such a way as to safeguard the accuracy and legitimacy of the credit data, often without the corresponding hardware support and efficient updating and processing of the information.

3.2区块链技术在医疗服务领域的优势

3.2 The advantages of block chain technology in the area of medical services

区块链技术不仅在便民服务领域发挥极大的作用，它在医疗服务领域中的作用同样不容小觑。目前，我国大型城市的医院基本已经利用互联网技术开通了网上预约挂号等便利服务，充分节省了患者的时间成本。但是值得注意的一点是，现如今我国还有相当一部分医疗服务机构与场所对医疗资源的分配较不合理，很多医疗机构与医疗场所的患者流量是极大的，庞大的人员数量堆积在有限的医疗场所内不仅严重浪费了患者的就医时间，还造成了医疗场地资源的浪费，对于医院中各类资源都有着一定的影响。此外，不同城市的不同医院所使用的医疗服务网络都是不同的，因此，有些需要转院治疗的患者也不能通过网络手段来将转院信息进行实时传达，只能通过传统的电话通沟确定转院信息。基于此，医疗领域就可以充分利用区块链技术建立一个医院信息数据共享平台，避免出现各个医院之间的沟通交流效率低下的问题，可以充分提升医疗资源的利用效率。首先，对于患者来说就可以充分节约自身的时间成本，便利快捷地在最近距离的医疗机构进行就诊，避免出现大型医院中患者堆积，影响医疗效率与浪费医疗资源的情况；其次，对于一些中小型医院来说，面对一些自身没有治疗条件的病患，可以充分利用区块链技术将该患者的病情信息上传至医疗平台中，区块链可以根据患者的病情为其自动适配合适的医院进行就诊，充分提升医疗资源的利用率，实现医疗资源的合理共享；最后，可以通过区块链技术对医疗服务机构的发展情况与医疗服务明细进行检查，充分降低医疗事故的发生概率[3]。

In addition, the network of medical services used in different hospitals in different cities is very different, so that some patients who need to be transferred cannot communicate the information in real time by means of a network, so that they can only use the traditional telephone gap to determine the flow of information in hospitals. On the basis of this, the medical field can take full advantage of a hospital information-sharing platform in a limited number of medical facilities, thereby avoiding inefficient communication with hospitals, and can increase the efficiency of the use of medical resources.

3.3区块链技术在能源应用领域的优势

3.3 The advantages of block chain technologies in the area of energy applications

随着我国能源领域的发展，在能源利用过程中也存在着一定的问题。例如，在电力资源方面，众所周知发电站的主要用途就是发电，将电力资源进行输送，但是发电站一般都建立在郊区或者较为偏僻的地方，由于距离的原因，电力资源在传输的过程中存在一定的损耗情况。一般来说，发电站从发电到输电，最终将电力资源传送到消费者家中会浪费大约十分之一的电力资源，这种电力损耗对于电力资源利用率来说是极为不利的。随着我国城镇化的推进与社会经济的发展，城市用电量不断上涨，对于电力资源的供应也有了更高的要求，这种情况下发电站一旦出现事故，在电力供应终端出现问题，将会为人民群众的工作生活带来极为严重的影响，城市一些对电力有充分需求的行业与活动都会因此出现相应的经济损失。此外，我国电力能源由国家电网公司提供，因此，一些利用太阳能发电的企业或个人，无法将多余的太阳能供电资源分享出去，这也是电力浪费的其中一种。因此，在能源应用领域应该充分利用区块链技术发展共享经济，充分改善当前电力资源产出与输送的问题。利用区块链技术，不仅可以充分降低电力资源由于输送距离过长而导致电力消耗的问题，还可以充分保障城市供电的稳定性，区块链自身的节点式储存特点可以将电力能源分点式储存，可以充分提升电力储存的安全性。另外，区块链技术还可以让通过太阳能发电的行业将多余的电量交易出去，提升电力资源的利用效率。

For example, with regard to electricity resources, it is known that the main use of power stations is electricity generation and transmission of electricity resources, but they are generally located in suburban areas or in more remote locations, where there is a certain loss or depletion in the transmission of electricity resources for reasons of distance. In general, electricity stations, from electricity generation to electricity transmission, end up wasting about one tenth of the electricity resources at the consumer’s home. This loss is extremely detrimental to the use of electricity resources. As the country’s urbanization and socio-economic development are increasing, there is a higher demand for electricity, and in this case, there is a higher demand for electricity. In the event of an accident, there is a problem with the power supply terminal, which will have a very serious impact on the working life of the population. As a result, a number of industries and activities in cities that have a sufficient demand for electricity will cause a corresponding economic loss of electricity, which will result in the supply of electricity from the national electricity grid, which will not only reduce the supply of electricity from the remaining solar power supply points, which can be shared, which is also one of electricity.

4“大数据+区块链”技术在共享经济中应用存在的问题

4 Problems in the application of big data + block chains to the shared economy

4.1客户隐私信息存在泄露风险

4.1 Risk of disclosure of customer privacy information

目前，在大数据技术的发展过程中，随着信息数据数量逐渐提升，使得客户的重要隐私信息很容易发生泄露，而随着共享经济的发展，一些共享产品的使用权也由多个人拥有，而在使用产品的过程中需要用户通过扫码来获取，并且需要填写相应的个人信息，但是在此过程中缺乏监督管理，容易导致信息泄露问题[4]。

At present, the development of large data technologies, as the volume of information data increases, makes important privacy information available to clients vulnerable to leakage, and as the shared economy develops, some shared products have access to multiple individuals, requiring users to access them by scanning codes and filling in corresponding personal information, but the lack of oversight controls in this process can easily lead to information disclosure problems [4].

4.2过度依赖大数据技术

4.2 Overdependence on big data technology

在当前共享经济发展过程中，对大数据的利用程度较高，因此，在未来的发展中很容易对大数据技术产生依赖，但是大数据技术并不能面面俱到地处理全部事件，而且目前大数据技术的成熟度仍有待提升。

In the current process of shared economic development, the use of large data is high and, as a result, it is easy to rely on large data technologies in future development, but big data technologies do not cover all events, and the maturity of large data technologies is still to be raised.

4.3共享经济基础数据尚未完善

4.3 Shared economic fundamentals are not yet complete

区块链技术具有信息公开通明、去中心化等优势，安全性能是优于互联网的。但是目前共享经济基础数据该尚未完善，因此，在共享经济的发展过程中很容易受到阻碍，遇到发展困难等问题。

Block-chain technology has the advantage of open access to information, decentralisation, and security is superior to the Internet. But the sharing of basic economic data is not yet complete, so that the development of the shared economy can easily be hindered and development difficulties encountered.

5“大数据+区块链”技术在共享经济中应用的策略

5 Strategies for the application of Big Data Plus Block Chain technology in the shared economy

5.1充分利用大数据技术与区块链技术的融合来发展共享经济

5.1 Development of a shared economy with full use of the integration of big data technology with block chain technology

区块链技术发展至今，已经有了完善的技术储备，技术也更为成熟。区块链作为一种分布式数据技术可以通过对其中节点进行加密的方法来形成一个以节点相连接的数据链条，每个节点中都具有一定信息数据，可以通过任意一个节点的数据信息找到信息来源。因此，区块链技术在未来的发展中极具发展前景，也会成为目前我国经济发展的一大助力。区块链技术可以将自身节点中的信息数据进行加密，对节点信息查询时仅需要验证一次，还可以将共享经济交易过程中的信息进行读取保存。通过这种方式将区块链技术与大数据技术充分融合，可以让共享经济充分发展，提升信息数据的共享程度，避免出现信息差或信息不对称的情况。因此，“大数据+区块链”技术的充分结合，可以切实提升共享经济的发展效率[5]。

Block-chain technology has so far developed, and is well-developed. Block-chain technology can form a node-connected data chain by encrypting nodes, each of which has some information data, and can find information sources through data from any one of the nodes. Therefore, block-chain technology is a promising development in the future and can be a major contribution to the country's economic development. Block-chain technology can encrypt the information data in its own nodes, only once it needs to be validated when searching for node information, and information in the course of sharing economic transactions can be read and preserved. In this way, block-chain technology can be fully integrated with large data technology, allowing the shared economy to develop fully, increasing the sharing of information data and avoiding information gaps or asymmetries.

5.2制定完善相关政策

5.2 Development of appropriate policies

在共享经济模式的发展过程中，应该充分利用区块链技术进行发展，对于共享经济来说，区块链技术有着极为重要的发展价值。区块链经济可以与社会经济发展充分结合在一起，提升社会经济的发展效率。可以利用区块链技术建立一个安全性极强的信息数据系统，然后充分利用区块链的优势将信息进行共享化，以此将信息数据共享至全社会，让社会力量承担相应的信息责任。因此，在发展的过程中政府应该出台相应的政策，促进大数据技术与区块链技术的融合发展。并且出台政策鼓励相应的科研院所对区块链技术进行分析研究，切实提升区块链在社会共享经济中的应用价值[6]。

In the development of the shared economic model, full use should be made of block-chain technology, which is of vital development value to the shared economy. The block-chain economy can be fully integrated with socio-economic development and enhance the efficiency of socio-economic development.

5.3提升企业的重视程度

5.3 Raising the profile of enterprises

随着区块链技术的不断发展，企业需要提升对大数据技术与区块链技术融合发展的重视程度。目前，区块链技术可以充分利用互联网技术融入金融征信领域、医疗领域与能源应用领域。充分推动共享经济的内部发展升级，使得区块链技术可以从企业方面得到充分发展。对于企业来说，需要利用区块链技术不断强化自身内部的数据信息管理，还可以充分与科研院所展开合作，加深对区块链技术的研究，使得企业可以切实提升对信息数据的使用与管理水平，充分实现共享经济的发展与升级[7]。

As block chain technology continues to evolve, enterprises need to increase their focus on the development of large data technology and block chain technology. Block chain technology can now take full advantage of Internet technology to integrate into the areas of financial credit, medical care, and energy applications. Internal development of the shared economy is fully promoted, allowing block chain technology to develop fully from the enterprise side.

6结语

6 Concluding remarks

总而言之，在当前社会高速发展的背景下，共享经济需要基于大数据技术与区块链技术实现发展，充分依托大数据与区块链技术降低共享经济的发展成本，将资源的配置做到最优解。此外，其能够将自身的信息体系充分完善，保障使用共享经济的用户信息安全，将社会中的闲散资源充分整合，利用共享经济发挥其剩余价值。此外，为确保共享经济的良好发展，必须将大数据与区块链技术充分结合，实现协同发展。大数据与区块链技术结合既是共享经济发展的必备条件，也是共享经济发展的必要保障。因此，在“大数据+区块链”技术结合下的共享经济能得到有效发展。

In summary, in the current context of rapid social development, the shared economy needs to be developed on the basis of large data technology and block-chain technology, with full reliance on large data and block-chain technology to reduce the development costs of the shared economy and optimize resource allocation. Moreover, it can fully refine its information system, guarantee the security of users using the shared economy, fully integrate free resources in society, and use the shared economy for its residual value.

【参考文献】

[Reference]

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[4] Crown. Shared Economic Development Study based on Big Data Plus Block Chain [J]. Business Economics Study, 2018(13): 84-86.

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[5] A study on the construction of shared economic models based on “big data plus block chains” technologies [J]. Science and technology economic markets, 2018 (5): 63-64.

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[6] Liu Hai Ying. “Big Data + Block Chain” Shared Economic Development Study - Based on Industrial Integration Theory [J]. Big Data Age, 2018(3):70-75.

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[7] Liu Hai Ying. “Big Data + Block Chain” Shared Economic Development Study - Based on Industrial Integration Theory [J]. Research on Technology Economy and Management, 2018 (1): 91-95.

区块链技术范文第8篇

相比于互联网，被称之为人类第二次科技革命的区块链技术正逐渐渗透于人类社会的各种应用场景。

Compared to the Internet, the sector chain technology known as the second technological revolution of humankind is gradually permeating the various applications of human society.

区块链因作为数字货币比特币的底层技术，被资本市场和金融机构首先关注。有券商分析人士认为，数字化时代，区块链、认知计算和云计算这些技术，将会重塑金融业未来。

The block chain is the primary concern of capital markets and financial institutions because of the bottom-of-the-line technology of digital currency bitcoin. Procurador analysts argue that the technologies of block chains, cognitive computing, and cloud computing in the digital age will reshape the future of the financial sector.

所谓区块链技术具有以下几个特点：分布式账本技术;通过运用加密以及网络安全的技术进行保证，保证数据不被篡改;不管是什么领域的数据，通过不断地添加和编辑可以了解历史数据信息。

The so-called block chain technology has the following characteristics: distributed booking technology; assurance that data are not tampered with through the use of encryption and network security techniques; and access to historical data information through continuous addition and editing of data in whatever field.

在国内，我国的金融行业特别是银行领域早已跃跃欲试。中国邮储银行近日携手IBM，宣布推出基于区块链技术的资产托管系统。系统上线以来大幅缩短业务环节60%以上。 埃森哲索菲研究院院长维亚勒。

The Chinese Postal Bank, together with IBM, recently announced the launch of an asset-hosting system based on block-chain technology. Since the system was brought online, the business chain has been significantly reduced by more than 60%.

浙商银行也正式上线基于区块链技术的移动数字汇票产品。招商银行也在2016年加入r3银行区块链联盟。

The Bank of Zimmers is also officially on-line with mobile digital billing products based on block chain technology.

深圳已成立首个fintech数字货币联盟，有望率先试点数字货币。联盟成员涵盖平安集团、招商银行、微众银行、大成基金等国内外40多家知名金融机构。

Shenzhen has set up the first informch Digital Monetary Union, which is expected to pilot a digital currency. Its members include more than 40 well-known domestic and international financial institutions, such as the Peace Group, the Recruitment Bank, the Microbank, and the Dae-jung Fund.

区块链当前的现实应用情景如何？究竟可能带来怎样的行业前景？近日，《财经》记者专访了埃森哲索非亚?安蒂波利斯研究院的院长艾曼纽?维亚勒，埃森哲在三年前开始探索区块链技术相关应用。

What are the current real applications of the block chain? What are the prospects for the industry? In recent days, finance journalists have visited Emanuel Villar, the president of the Escendiosofia Antipolis Institute, who began exploring technology-related applications of the block chain three years ago.

据艾曼纽?维亚勒介绍，埃森哲近期调研发现，全球最大的10家投资银行中，8家获益于区块链技术，降低基础设施成本的幅度达30%，每年节省80亿至120亿美元成本。

According to Emmanuel Ville, a recent study by Essenger found that of the 10 largest investment banks in the world, eight benefited from block chain technology, reducing infrastructure costs by 30 per cent and saving between $8 billion and $12 billion annually.

“最终，区块链技术并不是要取代现有的所有的东西。”艾曼纽?维亚勒说，“区块链只是会和现有的信息技术进行融合，成为整个IT框架中的一个组成部分。”

“In the end, block chain technology is not intended to replace everything that is available.” Emmanuel Vialer said, “the block chain will simply be integrated with existing information technology and become an integral part of the entire IT framework.”

从之前对区块链的讨论和炒作，到如今的理性思考，艾曼纽?维亚勒表示，现实中区块链已进入到实际应用的具体部署阶段，银行、医疗保健、政府……各行业已经在探讨究竟该如何搭建本行业的区块链。

From previous discussions and speculations on the block chain to today's rational thinking, Emmanuel Ville said that the real-world block chain had entered the practical deployment phase of its application, with banks, health care, government... industries already exploring how to build the industry's block chain.

随着区块链应用的逐渐落地，艾曼纽?维亚勒认为，应当搭建一套规范的法律框架。但这种法律框架不是针对区块链技术立法，而是依照行业、场景应用而建立，防止利用区块链技术进行套利。 带给世界信任

As the block chain is being applied gradually, Emmanuel Ville argues that a normative legal framework should be put in place. But this legal framework is not for block chain technical legislation, but rather for industry and scenario applications to prevent the use of block chain technology for arbitrage.

《财经》：很多人将区块链与互联网相比，称其为人类的第二次科技革命。互联网现在已经为人熟知，而区块链对很多人来说仍然很陌生。作为这个领域最前沿的研究者，您怎么看待这个问题？

Finance: Many refer to the block chain as the second technological revolution of humanity compared to the Internet. The Internet is now well known, and the block chain is still unknown to many. What do you think of this as the cutting edge researcher in this field?

艾曼纽?维亚勒：区块链是一种基础性的技术，为很多潜在的新系统或者新事物奠定基础。如果想要应用区块链还需要其他技术的配合，比如加密、分布式的技术、点对点的技术。这些技术是比较复杂的，但是人们也不需要特别了解。就像我们使用邮件，我们只需要知道邮件是需要网络的，不管是有线还是无线，或者是4G。但是你不需要知道支持这个邮件功能的底层协议是什么，只要能上网就行了。

Emanuel Vial: The block chain is a basic technology that lays the foundation for many potential new systems or new things. If you want to apply the block chain, you need other technologies, such as encryption, distributional technology, point-to-point technology. These technologies are more complex, but people don't need to know about it. Just as we use mail, we just need to know that the mail needs a network, whether it's wired or wireless, or 4G. But you don't need to know what the bottom protocol that supports the mail function is, if you just have access to the Internet.

同样我们只需要知道，区块链技术给我们带来的价值是什么就可以了，不需要知道支撑区块链的复杂的底层技术。

In the same vein, we need to know what value block chain technology brings to us, and we need not know the complex underlying technologies that support the block chain.

《财经》：作为研究学者，您觉得区块链最大的意义是什么？区块链技术的发展未来会产生什么样实质性的改变？

Finance: What do you think, as a researcher, is the greatest significance of a block chain? What are the substantive changes in the future that will result from the development of block chain technology?

艾曼纽?维亚勒：对我来讲，在数字世界里，区块链技术是最有可能给没有信任的世界带来信任的技术，我认为它是信任的核心。在一些领域，如果不通过这样的技术，可能需要制定很多规则、监管政策来建立信任，而区块链技术本身就是可以带来信任的。

Emmanuel Vial: For me, in the digital world, block chain technology is the technology most likely to bring trust to a world without trust, and I think it is at the heart of trust. In some areas, if such technology is not adopted, a lot of rules and regulatory policies may be needed to build trust, and block chain technology itself can bring confidence.

《财经》：这种信任什么时候才能普遍地实现？目前区块链在金融和医疗等领域有些应用，在其他领域还要等待多久？

Finance: When will this trust become universal? There are some applications in the financial and medical sectors, and how long do we have to wait in other areas?

艾曼纽?维亚勒：作为研究人员，我总是非常乐观的，有时可能过分乐观了。

Emanuel Vial: As a researcher, I am always very optimistic, and sometimes too optimistic.

技术本身进步是非常快的，只是在不同领域的应用可能进展较慢，尤其是大规模的应用。如果拿互联网来举例的话，从上世纪70年代到90年代，互联网被有限的人群使用，一直到90年代至2000年左右，互联网才被大规模推广。所以我们也可以预见区块链在未来5年内在某个行业大规模的应用，然后10年-15年或者更长时间后，可在物联网等领域大规模应用。好消息是，目前区块链的技术成熟度要比互联网刚出现时要好得多。

Technology itself is progressing very quickly, and applications in different fields are likely to be slow, especially on a large scale. If the Internet is used as an example, it was used by a limited number of people between the 1970s and the 1990s, until the 1990s and around 2000. So we can also foresee large-scale applications of block chains in a particular industry over the next five years, then in 10-15 years or more, large-scale applications in areas such as material networking. The good news is that the current technological maturity of block chains is much better than it was when the Internet first appeared.

《财经》：能否举例介绍一下区块链技术在现实中的运用带来了哪些变革？

Finance: Can you give some examples of the changes brought about by the practical application of block chain technology?

艾曼纽?维亚勒：比如埃森哲推出的智能电表，可以测量电力的消耗，之后将所有数据通过区块链进行传输。双方可以签署智能合同，当家庭用电的数值达到一定的阈值，会自动地按照规定的价格从供电机构买电。所以当用电值低于阈值的时候，系统会自动地被触发，把钱转给供电机构。

Emanius Viale: For example, the smart meter introduced by Essenzel can measure electricity consumption and then transmit all the data through the block chain. Both parties can sign smart contracts, and when the value of household electricity reaches a certain threshold, they automatically buy electricity from a power provider at a specified price. So when electricity is used below the threshold, the system is triggered automatically and the money is transferred to the power provider.

这个产品是区块链技术在物联网的应用。物联网的数据不是通过人，而是通过传感器来采集的，而使用区块链技术可以安全地并且大批量地采集数据。这种通过传感器大规模地获取可信任的数据，可使市场概念更好地体现。也就是说，通过区块链所产生的信任，把个人和公司连接在一起。 推动数字货币

This product is the application of block chain technology to the network of objects. Data are collected not by humans, but by sensors, and data can be collected safely and in large quantities using block chain technology. This large-scale access to trusted data from sensors can better reflect the concept of the market. That is, the trust generated by block chains connects individuals with companies.

《财经》：区块链技术作为数字货币的底层技术，引发了人们对数字货币的探讨，那么数字货币产生的实际意义是什么？潜在的风险又是什么？

Finance: The bottom-of-the-line technology of block chain technology as a digital currency triggers discussion of digital currency, so what is the real meaning of the digital currency? What are the potential risks?

艾曼纽?维亚勒：现在很多国家包括中国、俄罗斯、英国、法国等国的央行都在关注数字货币。但这并不是要用数字货币来取代我们每天所用的纸币和硬币。而是要在国家层面设立一个新系统供公司之间、公共部门之间使用，保证公司、商业银行、央行等之间的交易可以数字化地进行，这样更高效。

But this is not about replacing our daily banknotes and coins with digital currencies. Rather, it is about setting up a new system at the national level for use between companies, the public sector, and ensuring that transactions between companies, commercial banks, central banks, etc. can be digitally conducted, which is more efficient.

现在的支付系统主要是通过信息平台来进行，这也是数字货币讨论的初衷。就是要实现每个国家的支付系统的统一化。可是它跟我们所说的比特币是不一样的，它不会对个人产生影响。说到潜在的风险，也就是央行可以起到的作用，就是在促进数字货币或者比特币的合法化发展的同时，也要考虑到潜在的洗钱、资金非法转移的问题，所以要非常谨慎。我认为各国都应该有一个规范数字货币使用的法律框架。

But, unlike what we call bitcoins, it does not affect individuals. When it comes to the potential risk that central banks can play the role of promoting the legalization of digital money or bitcoins, taking into account potential money-laundering and the illegal transfer of funds, I think that countries should have a legal framework to regulate the use of digital money.

在今后十年的发展中，我们要注意平衡数字货币和纸币、硬币之间的关系。

In the development of the next decade, we should be careful to balance the relationship between digital currency and banknotes and coins.

《财经》：从国际经验来看，其他国家有没有成熟的法律框架值得中国借鉴？

Finance: Do other countries, from international experience, have a mature legal framework worthy of China?

艾曼纽?维亚勒：我们和法律专家、技术合作伙伴的建议是，不应该针对区块链的具体技术制定法律框架，而是要针对具体技术的行业、场景应用来制定规则。据我们了解，各国也在考虑制定相关的法律框架。

Emanuel Vial: The suggestion of our legal experts and technical partners is not to develop a legal framework for specific technologies in the block chain, but rather to develop rules for specific technology industries and landscape applications. We understand that countries are also considering developing relevant legal frameworks.

具体到法国来说，区块链在金融领域的应用都没有特定法律框架的约束，而是沿用了现用的法律框架。政府可以通过法律框架来防止应用区块链技术进行套利。不同国家之间、不同国家内部也可以进行这样的法律框架约束。 矛盾

In France, in particular, the application of block chains in the financial sphere is not governed by a specific legal framework, but rather by the legal framework in force. Governments can use the legal framework to prevent the application of block chain technologies for arbitrage.

《财经》：区块链技术的去中心化在实际应用中，会不会与当前的货币和金融要求有所冲突？我们知道比特币引发的一个争议就是其对货币的挑战。

Finance: Does decentralizing block-chain technology in practical application conflict with current monetary and financial requirements? We know that one of the disputes that Bitcoin raises is its monetary challenge.

艾曼纽?维亚勒：从本质上讲，区块链技术是一种分布式技术。可是如果我们讲到这个词，其本身就带有中央化的含义，所以二者之间是有矛盾的。所以央行在这之间可以发挥作用，制定一些政策来平衡中央化和分布式之间的矛盾。

Emmanuel Viale: In essence, block chain technology is a distributed technology. But if we say that word, it has a centralized meaning in itself, so there is a contradiction between the two.

《财经》：您对于央行要实现这种平衡有没有可提供的建议？

Finance: Do you have any suggestions for central banks to achieve this balance?

艾曼纽?维亚勒：我认为，央行应该像护卫者一样，对整个系统进行监测，采取反洗钱、防止作假等措施。与此同时，央行也要保障分布式系统的运行。在过去几百年的历史里，人与人之间商品和服务的交易一直在现实中进行。而现在我们要探讨的是虚拟的数字世界。我们既要沿用之前多年来的交易习惯，也要通过法律框架来防止欺诈等行为的发生。

Emanuel Vial: I think that central banks should monitor the system as a guardian, take measures to combat money-laundering, fraud, etc. At the same time, central banks must also guarantee the operation of distributed systems.

《财经》：各国央行在研究区块链技术的应用时是非常谨慎的。金融领域之所以这么谨慎，是因檎庀罴际醪皇前俜种百地成熟，还是因为金融领域具有特殊性？

Finance: Central banks are very cautious in studying the application of block-chain technology. Is this prudent in the area of finance due to the great maturity of the Emperor or because of the peculiarity of the financial sphere?

区块链技术范文第9篇

区块链是一串使用密码学方法相关联产生的数据块，每一个数据块中包含了过去十分钟内所有交易信息，用于验证其有效性和生成下一个区块。区块链技术通过点对点的记账、数据传输、认证或合约，无需中间方即可达成信用共识。该技术具有去中心化、集体维护、高度透明、去信任、匿名的特征。区块链概念产生于2008年，是比特币发展的基础，2013年通过全网记账建立了市值达到100多亿美元的信用。区块链技术的广阔发展前景正引起创新机构和团队的高度重视，众多巨头公司纷纷加快布局，大量创新项目相继投入实践，技术应用层次和水平不断提升。目前，区块链技术在商业银行、股票交易、财务审计和物联网领域均已开展应用实践。

The block chain is a series of data blocks associated with cryptography, each containing all transactions over the past 10 minutes to verify their validity and generate the next block. The block chain technology is based on decentralised, collective maintenance, high transparency, trust, and anonymity. The sector chain concept was developed in 2008 as the basis for the development of Bitcoin, with a credit value of more than $10 billion established in 2013 through full web-based bookkeeping. The vast development prospects of the block chain technology are attracting great attention from innovative institutions and teams, with a large number of large companies accelerating their layouts, many innovative projects moving forward, and increasing the level and level of technology application.

区块链技术在商业银行的应用开发率先展开。巴克莱银行、西班牙毕尔巴鄂比斯开银行、澳大利亚联邦银行、瑞士信贷集团、摩根大通、道富银行、苏格兰皇家银行集团和瑞士银行已经达成一项合作，将为区块链技术在银行业中的使用制定行业标准和协议。Factom为美国银行提供区块链加密货币技术，应用于银行转账领域，并与洪都拉斯政府合作开发土地产权记录系统。此外，花旗银行、瑞银、纽约梅隆银行等已相继成立研发实验室，重点围绕支付、数字货币和结算模式等方面测试区块链的应用。

The Bank of Barclays, the Bank of Bilbao Biscai, Spain, the Federal Bank of Australia, the Swiss Credit Group, the Morgan Chase, the Dolfon Bank, the Royal Bank of Scotland and the Bank of Switzerland have entered into a cooperative effort to develop industry standards and protocols for the use of block chain technology in the banking sector. Factom provides American banks with block-chain encryption currency technology, which is applied in the area of bank transfers, and works with the Government of Honduras to develop a land title record system. In addition, Citibank, Silver, the Bank of New York and others have set up successive research and development laboratories to test the application of block chains around payment, digital money, and settlement models.

区块链技术在股票交易、财务审计和物联网领域亦有应用。股票交易方面，美国纳斯达克已在测试区块链技术，用以实现一个全新的股票交易系统，使处理非正式电子表格效率大幅提升。美国证券交易委员会近期正式批准在线零售商通过区块链技术在互联网发行股票。我国数字货币和区块链创业团队推出首个区块链项目“小蚁”，是用以发行、管理、交易各种权益份额的区块链协议。财务审计方面，德勤会计师事务所正将区块链技术用于自动审计，通过一个全球性分布式账簿，与SAP和Oracle等财务报告系统对接，推动审计与自动化税务合规申报，提高购销过程透明度。物联网方面，IBM正在开发基于区块链的物联网系统Adept，将兼顾低成本、高可靠和高效率的特点。

In the area of stock trading, financial auditing and property networking, block chain technology has also been applied. In the case of stock trading, NASDAQ, the United States has tested block chain technology to achieve an entirely new stock trading system and to make the processing of informal spreadsheets more efficient. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission has recently officially approved online retailers to issue stocks on the Internet through block chain technology. In the case of financial auditing, Deloitte and Touche is using block chain technology for automatic auditing, to facilitate audit and automated tax compliance reporting and to increase transparency in the purchase process. In the case of the digital currency and block chain business start-up, IBM is developing a block chain-based system, Adept, which will take into account low-cost, high reliability and efficiency features.

区块链技术当前主要运用于以比特币为代表的数字货币，在金融等领域的实践正相继开展，围绕区块链的开源体系能够创造丰富的产品和服务，具有十分广阔的应用前景。区块链的深度应用有望成为对社会产生深刻影响的重要管理方式，对建立公平透明的经济社会组织方式具有深远意义。从应用领域看，在金融管理领域，区块链因其去中心化和透明公正的特点，在金融领域已率先实践，应用方向包括支付结算、智能债券、财务审计等，区块链利用分布式记账系统优化金融机构运行效率，使交易信息更可信，处理方式更便捷。在社会管理领域，区块链技术促进数据管理和数据记录方式的转型，将在身份认证、健康管理、公证、司法仲裁等方面深入应用。在合约管理领域，股权管理、互助保险、权利登记转让、智能合约等方面区块链技术将发挥更显著作用。在信息技术领域，区块链将改造物联网基础设施，构建分布式人工智能新形式。

In the area of financial management, by virtue of its centralization and transparency, the sector chain has taken the lead in the area of finance, where it has been applied in such areas as payment settlements, smart bonds, financial auditing, etc., to optimize the efficiency of financial institutions with distributed accounting systems, making trade information more credible and more easily processed. In the area of social management, the sector chain technology promotes the transformation of data management and recording methods in a fair and transparent manner. It will be applied in depth to identity certification, health management, public accounting, judicial arbitration, etc. In the area of contract management, the sector chain technology will play a more prominent role in the area of information technology, which will transform the network infrastructure and create new forms of artificial intelligence.