ETH的下一个硬分叉比你想象的要大。
ETH's next hard fork is bigger than you think.
以太坊一直在向前推进。
The Ether Chamber has been moving forward.
2024年3月，该网络推出了其在Dencun的升级。Dencun是“Deneb”和“Cancun” 两种规格的组合，旨在大幅削减第二层(L2)交易成本。
In March 2024, the network launched its upgrade in Dencun. Dencun is a combination of the specifications “Deneb” and “Cancun” with the aim of significantly reducing transaction costs on the second tier (L2).
接下来会发生什么？Pectra是以太坊的下一个主要升级，它将比Dencun更重要。
What happens next? Pectra is the next major upgrade in the courthouse, and it's more important than Dencun.
Pectra计划于2024年第四季度或2025年第一季度推出，它结合了之前计划的两项升级：Prague(用于执行层)和Electra(用于共识层)。通过合并这些规范，Pectra旨在为以太坊带来几项雄心勃勃的改进，使其比以往任何时候都更加灵活和优化。
Pectra, which is planned to be launched in the fourth quarter of 2024 or the first quarter of 2025, combines two previous upgrades: Prague (for the implementation level) and Electra (for the consensus level). By combining these norms, Pectra aims to bring about several ambitious improvements for the Etherm, making it more flexible and optimal than ever before.
Pectra 是关于什么的？我们已经为您准备好了。
What's Pectra about? We're ready for you.
Pectra不仅仅是一次小小的升级;它充满了更新。
Pectra is not just a little upgrade; it's full of updates.
以太坊改进建议(EIP)是对以太坊提出的修改建议。他们确保了网络变更的讨论和协商是透明的，让社区和核心开发人员参与进来。
They ensure that discussions and consultations on changes to the network are transparent and involve communities and core developers.
对于Pectra升级，目前计划包含9个标准EIP和1个由另外11个组成EIP组成的Meta EIP。
For the Pectra upgrade, the current plan includes nine standard EIPs and one Meta EIP consisting of 11 additional EIPs.
这些EIP包括围绕帐户抽象、验证节点操作和整体网络性能的增强。一些最值得注意的新增内容如下。
These EIPs include abstraction of accounts, validation of node operations and enhancement of overall network performance. Some of the most noteworthy additions are as follows.
?EIP-2537 -引入BLS12-381曲线操作的预编译，使BLS签名操作显着更快，更便宜，从而提高了以太坊验证节点的可访问性和性能，并降低了gas成本。
EIP-2537 - The introduction of pre-recording of BLS12-381 curve operations has made BLS signature operations much faster and cheaper, thus increasing the accessibility and performance of the nodes verified by the Taiku and reducing gas costs.
?EIP-2935 -实现将以前块的哈希值保存在特殊的存储槽中，以提高在无状态执行之前验证以太坊数据的效率和可靠性。
♪ EIP-2935 - Achieves the preservation of the former Hashi value in a special storage slot to improve the efficiency and reliability of validation of Taiyo data prior to inclement execution. ♪
?EIP-7002 -允许验证节点通过他们的执行层取款凭据触发退出和部分取款，从而在再质押和质押池方面提供更灵活的选择。
?EIP-7002 - Allow the validation nodes to trigger exit and partial withdrawal through their enforcement layers, thus providing a more flexible choice with respect to re-molding and pledge pools.
?EIP-7251 -将以太坊验证节点的最大有效余额从32 ETH增加到2048 ETH，减少所需验证节点的总数并简化网络的计算负载。
?EIP 7251 - Increase the maximum valid balance from 32 ETH to 2048 ETH for the Taiku validation nodes, reduce the total number of validation nodes required and simplify the network's calculated load.
?EIP-7594 -引入Peer数据可用性采样(PeerDAS)，进一步优化L2，增强交易处理和可扩展性。
EIP-7594 - Introduction of Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS) to further optimize L2 and enhance transaction processing and scalability.
?EIP-7702 -增加了一个新的交易类型，用于在一次交易中设置 EOA（外部拥有的账户）的代码，使普通钱包能够暂时转换为智能合约钱包，以改善用户体验。
EIP-7702 - Add a new type of transaction to set the code for EOA (externally owned accounts) in a single transaction so that ordinary wallets can temporarily be converted to smart contract wallets to improve user experience.
?EIP-7692 -由11个EIP组成的Meta EIP，旨在增强EVM对象格式(EOF)，以提高合约部署和执行效率。
EIP-7692 - Meta EIP, consisting of 11 EIPs, aims to enhance the EVM object format (EOF) to improve the efficiency of contract deployment and implementation.
在Pectra之后，以太坊将满足更广泛的用例和用户需求。
After Pectra, it will meet a wider range of usages and user needs.
普通的以太坊账户将更具可编程性，L2将更实惠，智能合约将更高效，验证节点将更灵活地管理！
Normal Ether accounts will be more programmable, L2 will be more cost-effective, smart contracts will be more efficient and validation nodes will be managed with greater flexibility!
有了这些增强功能，以太坊将能够更好地应对日益增长的采用率，与其他网络集成，并引入新功能，使平台保持在链上创新的前沿。
With these enhancements, the Etherm will be better able to respond to increasing adoption rates, integrate with other networks and introduce new features to keep the platform at the forefront of innovation in the chain.
虽然目前没有什么是一成不变的，但以太坊社区正在关注 Verkle 树在 Pectra 之后的大阪升级中的实施。
While nothing is static at present, the Etheraya community is following the implementation of the Verkle tree upgrade in Osaka after Pectra.
“我真的很期待Verkle树，” Vitalik今年早些时候说。“它们将启用无状态验证节点客户端，这可以允许质押节点在几乎为零的硬盘空间下运行，并几乎立即同步——这是更好的单独质押用户体验。”
"I really look forward to Verkle trees," Vitalik said earlier this year. "They will enable an innocuous authentication node client, which will allow the pledge node to run under almost zero hard disk space, and to be synchronized almost immediately -- this is a better individual pledge user experience."
也就是说，以太坊的下一个升级都将大大提高用户和开发人员的可用性。以太坊不可能在一天内建成，但在构建以太坊正在实现的面向未来的一切网络方面，缓慢而稳定的赢得了比赛。
In other words, the next upgrade of the Etherm will greatly increase the availability of users and developers. The Etherm is not likely to be built in a single day, but will be won slowly and steadily in the construction of all the future-oriented networks that Etherm is realizing.
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