图片来源：视觉中国
在钛媒体Pro专业用户和付费用户专享的“钛坦白”在线课堂第38期，我们再次请来三位钛客，分享区块链技术落地中的挑战与革新。本期钛客之一、云象区块链创始人、CEO黄步添，是浙江大学计算机博士，IEEE、ACM、中国计算机学会会员，2016年百人会英才奖候选人之一。已申请的发明专利有20多项，涉及领域包括数据挖掘、操作系统虚拟化、区块链技术等。主编了《区块链解密：构建基于信用的下一代互联网》。带领团队获得了2016中国青年互联网创业大赛金奖，第二届中国互联网+创新创业大赛金奖，2016创新中国大赛金奖。
& & ldquo; titanium confession & rdquo; #38 on-line classroom, we once again invited three titans to share challenges and innovations in block chain technology.
, founder of the titanium block chain, CEO Yellowstep , a Ph.D. in Computers, IEEE, ACM, and China Computer Society, one of the best candidates for the 2016 100-person Award. There are more than 20 patent applications for inventions in areas such as data mining, virtualization of operating systems, block chain technology, etc. 本文节选自黄步添在钛坦白的分享。如果您还不是钛媒体Pro用户，希望查看钛坦白所有干货，进入钛坦白九个专业群交流，并查看更丰富的专业数据和信息，可点击：https://www.tmtpost.com/pro 注册。
If you are not yet a titanium pro user, you want to see titanium for all dry goods, enter titanium for nine professional groups to exchange, and see more specialized data and information, you can click: .
大家好，我是云象区块链的创始人黄步添，非常高兴跟大家分享联盟区块链技术发展情况以及在实际应用场景中的落地情况。
Hello, I am the founder of the cloud block chain, Yung Jian, and I am very pleased to share with you the technological development of the block chain and the location of the site in the practical application landscape.
首先我介绍一下云象。云象是一家区块链技术服务商，全力打造企业级联盟区块链技术平台。云象依托浙江大学与新加坡国立大学，在两地分别设立区块链联合实验室，团队成员90%以上是博士和硕士，包括浙江省千人计划学者、中国“五四”青年奖章获得者、百人会英才奖获得者、全球最高计算性能奖获得者、全球TopCoder大奖获得者等，具有强大的研发实力。
At the outset, let me introduce clouds. Clouds is a technical service provider of block chains, dedicated to building a technology platform for business-level alliances. Clouds University and the National University of Singapore set up joint block chains laboratories in both places, with more than 90% of the team comprising Ph.D.s and Masters, including thousands of Chinese & ldquo; five & rdquo; young medal winners, 100-persons of excellence, top-of-the-world numeracy winners, global Topcoder winners, etc., with strong research and development capabilities.
云象在区块链存储层、协议层，组件层、服务层等方面做了很多工作，特别是在高性能计算优化、共识机制、隐私保护等方面，申请了将近30项发明专利，在实际应用过程中也取得了很好的效果。目前云象为多家金融机构提供了联盟区块链技术平台，兴业银行的同业间相关业务场景已经上线。
Clouds have done much in the area of block chain storage, protocol layers, component layers, service levels, in particular high-performance optimization, consensus mechanisms, and privacy protection, and have applied for nearly 30 patents on inventions, which have been very effective in their practical application. Clouds have now provided financial institutions with a technological platform for the federated block chain, and business-related business scenes in the booming banks are already online.
区块链在商业化的应用落地方面，面临着一些什么问题呢？
What are the problems faced by block chains in commercializing applications to land?
首先，底层的区块链如何选择？大家都知道，目前联盟区块链技术路线，包括HyperLedger、以太坊、Corda等，如何选择？选择什么样的开发架构便于把功能进行实现？隐私保护策略和多方签名等技术怎么应用到金融机构的应用场景里？原来系统的部署模式都是中心化的，现在变成非中心化的部署模式的时候，怎么去运维管理？同时区块链本身存在一些问题，它不能存储大文件，我们只能把文件的摘要信息进行哈希后存储到链上，文件本身存储到如IPFS等分布式文件系统中。
First, how do the bottom of the block chain be selected? Everyone knows how the current technical route of the block chain, including HyperLedger, Ether, Corda, etc., chooses ? What development architecture is chosen to allow the functionality to be performed? How are technologies such as privacy protection strategies and multiple signatures applied to financial institutions?
在区块链应用过程中，国内目前还存在着很多的误区，存在着为区块链而区块链的问题。当我们在做大数据的时候，有个县可能也就几十万人口，要做大数据中心。我们到现场去看了一下，无非就布了几台服务器，另外做了一些统计报表系统，让领导感觉体验非常好，但实际上存储的数据可能就几万条。那么我们怎么避免这样一个误区呢？特别是区块链领域。首先我们了解区块链本身是要解决多个机构之间的信任问题，那么如果本身多方之间就不存在信任问题，那根本就不需要去用区块链技术。
In the course of block chain applications, there are still a lot of errors in the country, and there is a problem with
另外，区块链技术对金融机构来说，也存在一些治理、风险与控制问题。原来的技术是中心化的，主要通过某个有公信力的第三方机构来做背书的一种方式。采用区块链技术之后，就转变为一种有多个群体，多个机构来做群体背书的这种情况，它的合规性够不够是金融机构要重点解决的一些问题。另外区块链技术本身的一个特点，目前在场内交易是不太合适的，更多的是在场外交易。
In addition, block chain technology has a number of governance, risk and control problems for financial institutions . The original technology was centralized, mainly through a credible third-party institution, as a way to endorse it. By adopting block chain technology, it turned into a multi-group, multi-agency group endorsement, where compliance was not enough for financial institutions to focus on a number of issues. Another characteristic of the block chain technology itself is that transactions in the field are not currently appropriate, and is more often off-site transactions .
在区块链技术应用过程中是不能一蹴而就得。我们在跟一些机构合作的时候，一般是怎么一个过程呢？首先做POC，叫概念验证（proof of concept），一般这个周期可长可短，可能短的一个月，有的可能两三个月都有。做完所有相关的技术验证测试之后，并论证相关的技术风险，这个过程做完之后，我们再真正去考虑在一些生产系统中怎么去应用的问题。
What kind of process do we do when we're working with some of the agencies? First, the POC, called concept validation, usually a short cycle, maybe a month, maybe two or three months. After all the relevant technology validation tests have been completed, and the associated technology risks have been demonstrated, then we really think about how to apply them in some production systems.
目前一些生产企业产能过剩，上下游企业赊帐严重，竞争比较激烈，金融机构服务中小企业的需求增强，怎么样通过区块链去解决供应链金融领域存在的痛点问题呢？
How can the painful problems in the area of supply chain finance be addressed through the current overcapacity of some productive enterprises, the high credit levels of upstream and downstream enterprises, competition and the increased demand from financial institutions to provide services to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)?
供应链金融应用过程中的痛点主要是四点：1、参与方多，产业链长。2、中心化平台数据易被篡改。3、中心化平台数据易被泄露，企业信息隐私无法得到有效的保护。4、产业链效率低，资金流动慢。
The pains in the financial application of the supply chain are mainly four points: 1; the number of participants and the length of the industry chain. 2; centralized platform data are easily tampered with. 3; centralized platform data are easily leaked and business information privacy is not effectively protected. 4; inefficient industrial chains and financial flows are slow.
总结来说，一个真实的贸易资产是供应链金融的核心问题，安全高效的数据共享是风控的关键。
In conclusion, a real trade asset is a central issue in supply chain finance, and secure and efficient data-sharing is the key to wind control.
那么如何保障贸易数据的真实可靠呢？我们把相关的核心企业，金融机构、融资平台，经销商、供应商、物流，仓储来共建一个联盟链，让主要的参与方都成为节点，共享帐本，打破信息的孤岛，交易数据多点记帐，无中心机构控制，这样的话，系统可靠性高。交易数据采用链式的存储，具有不可篡改性，交易记录按时间顺序记录，易于追溯和审计。
So how do we guarantee the true reliability of trade data? We put the core business, financial institutions, financing platforms, distributors, suppliers, logistics, warehousing together to build a chain of alliances that allows the major players to become nodes, share books, break islands of information, multi-point transaction data, without central agency control, so that the system is highly reliable.
我们还可以采用非对称加密来保护企业的一些隐私。那怎么去做呢？大文件我们通过文件摘要哈希的方式进行加密签名，并存储到链上。小文件通过一些非对称加密进行签名直接存储到链上，这是目前大文件与小文件在区块链上应用的基本模式。
We can also use asymmetric encryption to protect some of the privacy of the business. So how do we do that? Big documents are encrypted and stored on the chain through a summary of the document. Small documents are stored directly on the chain through some asymmetric encryption, which is the basic model currently applied to large and small documents in the block chain.
同时我们也可以简化整个流程，降低成本，怎么去做呢？让所有的参与方比如说像订单合约，仓单合约，票据合约等，这些相关的业务逻辑通过智能合约来进行约定，条件满足就自动完成进行交易，这么做的好处有哪些呢？
At the same time, we can simplify the process, reduce costs, and do what? What are the benefits of having all parties involved, for example, in order contracts, warehouse receipt contracts, paper contracts, etc., where these business logics are negotiated through smart contracts, where the terms are satisfied and the transaction is done automatically?
首先合约的透明、不可篡改性，可以大大简化交易的流程，提升效率，降低操作的风险。通过区块链，我们可以使得整个产业链外部数据安全、高效地进行共享，保证整个网络数据的不可篡改性，这使得所有数据的流转保证了可信。如果采用传统方法的话，我们没法去保证数据传递过程的可靠性。通过区块链就比较容易来建立供应链金融应用生态，这个生态的建立就使得每个参与方造假的成本非常高。
In the first place, transparent and non-frozen contracts can greatly simplify the flow of transactions, increase efficiency and reduce the risk of operations. Through block chains, we can make the external data of the entire industrial chain available safely and efficiently and ensure that the data of the entire network is not tampered with, making the flow of all data credible. If traditional methods are used, we cannot guarantee the reliability of the data transfer process.
我们可以基于多链架构来构建整个区块链的生态圈，来实现跨产业，跨平台，跨区域的融合。那怎么去实施整个供应链金融这样的一个平台呢？
We can build the biosphere of the entire chain of blocks based on multi-chained structures to achieve cross-industry, cross-platform, cross-regional integration. How can a platform like the entire supply chain finance be implemented?
首先要去构建一个区块链联盟，确定联盟的成员，确定共识机制与证书发放机构，并根据业务制定联盟的合约规则。这里特别要指出的一点是，在整个供应链金融联盟建立的过程中，发起方成员一定要相当强势并有相应的资源，因为在构建这样一个体系的过程中，你必须得去找相关的资源方或者是一些联盟的参与方来一起参与。如果你的发起方不够强势，资源不够的话就很难建立起一个联盟体系。
接着我们看一下区块链系统的整体架构，在基础服务层，我们会提供会员管理功能，包括用户成员的修改、增加、删除等；同时提供智能合约服务，基于智能合约开发者平台，支持相关合约的编辑、编译、部署等功能；共识验证这一块，我们会提供相关的几种协议，Noops、BFT、PBFT等等相关的一些共识协议的选择；另外平台也会提供节点状态监控的相关功能，便于运维人员可以查看每个节点状态，如果区块高度不一致，会做告警提示。
goes on to look at the overall architecture of the block chain system and, at the basic service level, we provide membership management functions, including changes, additions, deletions, etc., as well as smart contract services that support editing, compilation, deployment, etc. of related contracts based on the Smart Contract Developer platform; consensus validates this section by providing options for a number of related consensus agreements, Noops, BFT, PBFT, etc.; and the platform also provides node state monitoring functions that allow operators to view the status of each node and give alerts if the blocks are highly inconsistent.
在业务层，我们基本上是跟供应链金融平台应用合作方来合作，在实际集成过程中，我们在每个节点会提供相关的SDK，API服务，跟核心企业的ERP系统打通，目前企业ERP主要软件供应方包括SAP，Oracle、金蝶等。我们前期的参与方各自的科技实力一定要够，如果不够的话，可能在整个系统对接过程中会产生一些问题。
At the operational level, we are basically working with partners in the supply chain finance platform, and in the actual integration process, we provide the relevant SDK, API services at each node, with access to the ERP system of the core enterprise, where the main software suppliers are currently SAP, Oracle, Golden Flutters, etc. Our previous participants must have adequate scientific and technical capabilities, and if they are not enough, there may be problems during the system's interface.
首先我们在供应链金融领域各个环节的智能合约设计，参与方包括核心企业、供应商、金融机构，物流仓储等。比如一个智能合约的执行过程，核心企业要审核签名，供应商要审核签名，银行要审核签名等这一系列的过程都可以在合约上进行。
First, we design smart contracts at various points in supply chain finance, involving core firms, suppliers, financial institutions, logistics warehousing, etc.
大家再看一下对应的应收账款滞押的流程，跟前面描述的流程比较相似，只是对应的业务逻辑不一样，比如申请滞押先通过供应商节点，再通过银行节点进行审核，另外再通过核心企业进行确认签名，如果确认通过了之后，银行这边要怎么去进行发放贷款等。其他如仓单滞押、预付款融资等的智能合约，基本相似。
If you look again at the process of depositing the corresponding accounts receivable, which is similar to the process described earlier, the business logic is different, such as applying for delay first through the supplier node, then through the bank node, and then confirming the signature through the core business, and if so, how the bank is going to issue the loan. Other smart contracts, such as staggering, advance financing, etc., are basically similar.
最后我们再谈一下怎么去进行构建这个体系，一般会采用基于公有云平台部署，包括重要参与方，如大型供应商、融资平台、经销商、物流仓储、金融机构、核心企业等，我们一般不建议所有的参与方都去部署一个节点，因为节点越多，不可避免会导致整个网络速度减慢。
Finally, let us talk about how to build the system, usually using a public cloud-based platform deployment that includes key players, such as large suppliers, financing platforms, distributors, logistics warehouses, financial institutions, core businesses, etc., and we do not recommend that all participants deploy a node, because the more the nodes there are, the more inevitably, the slower the network as a whole.
我们所了解到的大部分区块链商业落地项目，主要采用联盟链技术，包括Hyperledger、Corda、企业以太坊等，主要的应用场景包括票据、信用证、资产证券化、跨境支付、贸易结算、资产确权等。
Most of the block chain commercial landing projects known to us are based on chain of alliances technology, including Hyperledger, Corda, Enterprise Ether, etc., with major applications such as paper, letters of credit, securitization of assets, cross-border payments, trade settlements, asset determination, etc.
另外区块链技术本身采用的共识机制，像传统的公有链比较典型的是工作量证明POW、股权证明等。在联盟链里面更多的是采用PBFT，SBFT等。
There are also consensus mechanisms used by block chain technology itself, such as the traditional public chain, typically workload proof of Pow, equity certification, etc.
不管是国内还是国外，主要的一些商业应用场景还是联盟区块链。为什么不用公有链技术呢？本身公有链技术存在一些技术瓶颈，特别是它所有的节点加入是随机、不可控的，这就会导致整个交易速度会很慢。
Whether it's domestic or foreign, some of the main commercial applications of `strang' or the federal block chain. Why not use the public chain technology? There are some technical bottlenecks in the public chain technology itself, especially if all of its nodes are random and uncontrollable, which causes the entire transaction to be slow.
目前，我们相关的应用场景更多的还是在一些边缘业务上，没法进入核心业务系统。真正要实现区块链技术在核心业务系统的落地，这个过程还需要很长一段时间，需要我们大家一起努力。这就需要我们扎扎实实去解决落地过程中相关的一些技术瓶颈和问题，如性能、隐私保护等；另外一些金融机构还存在合规性问题，用了区块链技术之后，有可能带来一些组织相关的变革等。
It will take a long time for us all to do this. This will require solid solutions to some of the technical bottlenecks and problems associated with the process of landing, such as performance, privacy protection, etc.; other financial institutions also have compliance problems, and the use of block chain technology has the potential to bring about organizational changes.
1、请教黄总，区块链的诸侯割据的局面有可能会一统江湖、互联互通吗？
1, please teach Master Wong that there is a chance that the situation of the clitoris of the block chain will be one-size-fits-all, connected?
黄步添：这个问题我们要长远来看，就像早期的通信系统，光交换机品牌就包括华为、中兴、大唐、爱立信等，只有区块链技术在一些相关的应用场景落地够多之后，我们才有可能建立相关的一些技术标准。
Wong Jian: In the long run, like the early communication systems, the PV brands include Hwang, Naking, Da Tang, Ericsson, and so on, it is only when there are enough block-chain technologies for some of the relevant applications that we will be able to establish some of the relevant technical standards.
2、请问黄总，你提到的应付账款，有时候不是信息不能共享，或者不能信任，而是账期长本身就是对企业有利的事情，从财务角度而言，能做而业务实际不愿意做的问题如何解决?
2, please ask Mr. Wong, how can the accounts payable, to which you refer, sometimes not that information cannot be shared or trusted, but that the long period is in itself a good thing for the enterprise to do and the business is not willing to do from a financial point of view?
黄步添：刚才说的应收帐款问题也是业务本身的一些问题。账期本身对生产企业是非常不利的，我们在跟一些合作方在合作过程中，一些生产企业本身由于账期的问题导致他们要去贷一些高利贷，这对生产企业是非常不利；对核心企业来说也相当不利，如果他的下游的生产企业本身的资金链有问题，会导致整个供应链也不稳定；对于金融机构来说，如果贸易信息真实的话，金融机构也愿意贷款给这类生产企业。
The accounts-receivable problem that we have just mentioned is also a matter of business itself. In the course of our cooperation with some of our partners, some of the producers themselves have been forced to borrow some of their loan credits because of the timing problem, which is very bad for the producers; for the core enterprises, too, if there is a problem with the financial chain of their own downstream production, it will cause instability in the entire supply chain; and for the financial institutions, if the trade information is true, they are willing to lend to them.
3、请问区块链的应用会受限于原本业务系统应用发展规划吗？
黄步添：区块链不要想象得无所不能，简单理解的话，无非是一个分布式共享帐本，通过这样一个体系来解决多个机构之间的信任问题。当然我们在做一些业务方案规划的时候，如果你的场景里面确实存在多方机构的一些信任问题，我们是可以考虑引入区块链技术。
Yellowsteps: The block chain should not be ubiquitous; simply understood, it is a distributed and shared book that addresses trust among multiple agencies through a system. Of course, when we do business planning, if there are trust issues in the multi-agency context, we can think about introducing block chain technology.
4、实际供应链金融的应用落地时，会遇到很多业务问题。大家都有应收和应付，都是希望账期应收端，应付长，才能利益最大化。想了解在实际应用中如何协调说服供应链环节上各个利益方？
4, practical supply chain finance applications encounter a number of operational problems. Everyone has receivables and payables that are long-term receivables for maximizing benefits. You want to know how to reconcile the various stakeholders in the supply chain in practical application?
黄步添：其实在区块链应用落地的过程中，确实存在这样的瓶颈，我们在跟一家银行合作的过程中，这家银行跟当地的核心企业关系还不错，联盟发起方在当地的资源要够，这些主要还是一些业务侧、运营侧的问题。
Huang Qing: It is true that there are such bottlenecks in the process of applying the block chain to the ground. In our work with a bank, the bank has a good relationship with the local core business, and the coalition sponsors have enough resources on the ground, mainly on the side of the business and side of the business.
5、请问互联互通的时候是否有潜在的损毁数据的可能？
5, do you have any potential for destruction data at the time of connectivity?
黄步添：当然可能，这要看未来怎么去构建这样的一个技术体系，像现在一些跨链通信的相关技术，主要也是在想办法解决未来的链与链之间的交互问题。
Yellow Ribbon: It is possible, of course, that this depends on how a technology system is constructed in the future, such as some of the technologies associated with cross-linkages now, and mainly on finding solutions to the interaction between future chains and chains.
6、多机构可信问题，在现在如果多机构信息互通互换本身就可信，如果没有互通互换，也就是天然不需要可信，那么区块链解决可信问题，具体又指的是什么？
黄步添：区块链构建的这样的可信体系，让多个参与方可以线下协商一些规则，并智能合约化。比如说一个交易环节，你交易的结算、审计过程就可以避免掉，因为我每个参与方都拥有一个分布式共享帐本。
Yellowsteps: This credible system of block chains allows multiple participants to negotiate rules on the line and to contract them intelligently. For example, a transaction link allows you to avoid clearing your transactions and auditing processes, because each one of my participants has a shared and distributed account book.
7、老师您好。刚刚您提到，在区块链，特别是联盟链的搭建过程中发起单位需要很有背景和资源，但是目前在区块链领域，似乎专业做的公司都是一些中小型企业，大企业和巨型企业有区块链的一些布局，但是力度相比AI并不是很大（比如互联网巨头）。出现这样的情况，是不是说明目前还没有到区块链快熟发展的时候呢？也就是目前的区块链企业的发展中不确定性还比较大？那么对早期区块链项目，企业最有价值的是什么方面呢？
7 How do you do? You just mentioned the need for background and resources to initiate units in block chains, especially in the building of the union chain. But in the area of block chains, it seems that firms are now specialized in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), large enterprises and mega-enterprises with some layouts of block chains, but not as strong as AI (e.g. Internet giants).
黄步添：确实是，目前一些区块链技术应该说还处于早期阶段，在整个发展过程中，还存在着一些不确定；我们可以简单的把区块链作为一个技术工具，来解决多个参与方之间的信任问题。原来的技术体系是用通过数据交换协议，互相之间数据的一致性没法保证，通过这种方式解决一个数据的不可篡改性，对于企业来说应该比较有价值的地方。另外机构之间通过定义智能合约，解决多个参与方之间的交易的一些规则问题，来使规则透明化。
It is true that some block chain technologies are still at an early stage, and there is some uncertainty throughout the development process; we can simply use block chains as a technical tool to address trust among multiple players. The original technology system was to address the integrability of one data by using data exchange protocols, which did not guarantee consistency between the data.
（本文独家首发钛媒体，根据云象区块链创始人、CEO黄步添在钛坦白上的分享整理）
(the original titanium media, based on the sharing of titanium confessions by the founder of the cloud block chain, CEO Yellow Step)
……………………………………………………
钛坦白第38期，今晚7点分享、交流继续～
报名听课、交流：
sign up for classes, exchange:
钛坦白目前有医疗健康、人工智能、文娱社交、VR/AR、区块链、支付创新、体育、云计算、SaaS等九个专业群。
The titanium confesses that there are currently nine professional groups such as medical health, artificial intelligence, recreational socialization, VR/AR, block chains, payment innovation, sports, cloud computing, SaaS, etc.
1、钛媒体Pro专业版用户，可以点击链接https://www.tmtpost.com/pro ，登录账号，进入“在线课堂”，在线免费、任意选择自己要进入的群，按提示操作；
1. Tiantanium Media Pro professional users, with access to , login account, access to “ online classroom & rdquo; online free and discretionary selection of the group they want to access, on alert;
2、非钛媒体Pro专业版用户，可以添加微信号taitanbai0，在通过好友后，发99元红包给小钛，你将有权利从九个群中任选一个群进入，长期听课、交流。请告诉小钛你要进入哪一个群，然后等待小钛拉你入群~
2 Non-Tiantan Media Pro users can add a microtitanbai0 with a 99-dollar red bag for titanium after friends. You will have the right to choose one of the nine groups to attend classes and communicate for a long time. Please tell titanium which group you want to enter and wait for titanium to pull you in.
推荐钛客、赞助、合作：
recommends titanium, sponsorship, cooperation:
请与钛坦白负责人佳音联系，邮箱jiayinge@tmtpost.com
Please contact Yoyo, head of titanium confession, e-mail jiayinge@tmtpost.com
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论