21世纪经济报道记者王峰北京报道 近日，最高人民检察院和国家外汇管理局联合发布惩治涉外汇违法犯罪典型案例。
Recently, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the State Foreign Exchange Administration jointly issued a classic case against foreign exchange offences.
此次发布的案例主要针对跨境对敲型非法买卖外汇案件。
This publication is mainly concerned with cross-border cases of illegal trade in foreign currency.
最高检第四检察厅负责人介绍，跨境对敲型非法买卖外汇是当前非法买卖外汇的典型表现之一，此类案件中，人民币和外币一般不进行物理上的跨境流转，表面上看资金在境内外单向循环，实质上属于变相买卖外汇行为，扰乱了外汇市场秩序，情节严重的，构成非法经营罪。
The Head of the Supreme Prosecutor's Office IV explained that cross-border trade in foreign currency is one of the typical manifestations of the current illegal trade in foreign currency. In such cases, the renminbi and foreign currency generally do not carry out physical cross-border movements, ostensibly on the face of a one-way circulation of funds within and outside the country, which is in essence a disguised sale of foreign currency, disrupts the order of the foreign exchange market and, in serious circumstances, constitutes an offence of illegal business.
国家外汇局管理检查司负责人介绍，当前外汇违法犯罪呈现资金跨境转移更加隐蔽、资金交易更加快速庞杂、非法信息发布传播“社交媒体化”等新的趋势和特点。
The head of the Department of Management and Inspection of the National Foreign Exchange Agency (NAC) reported that current foreign exchange offences present new trends and features such as more covert cross-border transfers of funds, faster transactions of funds, and “social mediaization” of the dissemination of illegal information.
通过虚拟货币非法买卖外汇
Illegally buying and selling foreign exchange through virtual currency
在我国，虚拟货币不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位，相关业务活动属于非法金融活动。当前，越来越多的非法买卖外汇犯罪通过虚拟货币交易兑换实施。
In our country, the virtual currency does not have the same legal status as the legal currency, and the related operations are illegal financial activities.
最高检第四检察厅负责人指出，在办案中发现，以虚拟货币为交易媒介间接实现外汇与人民币的货币价值转换，系非法买卖外汇行为链条上的重要环节，应予依法惩治。
The Head of the Fourth Prosecutor's Office of the Supreme Prosecutor noted that it had been found in the case that the indirect conversion of foreign currency from the currency of the renminbi by means of a virtual currency as a medium of trade was an important link in the chain of illegal foreign exchange transactions and was punishable by law.
2019年2月至2020年4月，一个虚拟货币交易团伙的负责人赵某组织他人，在阿联酋和国内提供外币迪拉姆与人民币的兑换及支付服务。
From February 2019 to April 2020, the head of a virtual money-trading group, Zhao, another organization, provided foreign currency dirhams and renminbi exchange and payment services in the United Arab Emirates and the country.
该团伙在阿联酋迪拜收进迪拉姆现金，同时将相应人民币转入对方指定的国内人民币账户，后用迪拉姆在当地购入“泰达币”（USDT，与美元锚定的稳定币），再将购入的泰达币通过国内的团伙即时非法出售，重新取得人民币，从而形成国内外资金的循环融通。
The group received dirham cash in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, while the corresponding renminbi was transferred to the accounts of the other party's designated national renminbi, which was then purchased locally by dirhams into the “Tedan currency” (USDT, a stable currency anchored with the United States dollar) and then re-acquired the renminbi through the immediate illegal sale of the dirhams by groups in the country, thus facilitating the circulation of domestic and foreign funds.
通过汇率差，该团伙在每笔外币买卖业务中可获取2%以上的收益。经查，赵某等人在2019年3月至4月期间兑换金额达人民币4385万余元，获利共计人民币87万余元。
By means of exchange rate differentials, the group receives more than 2% of the proceeds from each foreign currency sale.
2018年1月至2021年9月，陈某国（另案处理）、郭某钊等人搭建“TW711平台”、“火速平台”等网站，以虚拟货币泰达币为媒介，为客户提供外币与人民币的汇兑服务。
From January 2018 to September 2021, Chen Xiang (other cases) and Guo Xiaoqiang, among others, set up websites such as the TW711 platform, the Fire Speed Platform, which provides foreign currency and renminbi exchange services to clients in the form of a virtual currency, the Thai currency.
换汇客户在上述网站储值、代付等业务板块下单后，向网站指定的境外账户支付外币。网站以上述外币在境外购买泰达币后，由一名非法汇兑团伙交易虚拟货币者范某玭通过非法渠道卖出取得人民币，再按照约定汇率向客户指定的境内第三方支付平台账户支付相应数量的人民币，从中赚取汇率差及服务费。
The exchange client pays the foreign currency to an offshore account designated by the website after the above-mentioned operating block, such as storage value, sub-payment, etc. The website, after purchasing Thai currency abroad in the said foreign currency, is sold through illegal channels by Fan Xiang Xuan, an illegal exchange group trading in the currency, and then pays a corresponding amount of the exchange rate to the third party in the country designated by the client for the platform’s account, from which the exchange rate differentials and service charges are earned.
上述网站非法兑换人民币2.2亿余元。其中，范某玭通过他人提供的虚拟货币交易平台账户及人民币银行账户，从陈某国处接收泰达币600余万个，兑换人民币4000余万元。
The above-mentioned website illegally converts more than RMB 220 million. Of this amount, Fan Hoang Hoang received more than 6 million tadars from Chen and more than 40 million yuan from the accounts of the virtual currency trading platform and RMB bank accounts provided by others.
最高检第四检察厅负责人介绍，从检察办案看，跨境对敲型非法买卖外汇犯罪主要有以下特点：
The Head of the Supreme Prosecutor's Office No. 4 explained that cross-border trafficking in foreign currency was characterized by the following:
一是非法操控大量资金账户进行海量交易，司法办案中需要查清实际控制使用的资金账户及用于非法买卖外汇的交易流水。
The first is the illegal manipulation of large amounts of money accounts for large-scale transactions, which in the case of judicial cases require the identification of the funds accounts actually controlled and the flow of transactions used for the illicit trade in foreign currency.
二是跨境对敲手段复杂多样，除传统的对敲外，还通过虚拟货币交易、违规改造POS机并偷运出境刷卡交易等方式实施跨境对敲，隐蔽性、专业性更强，对侦查取证、审查证据的专业要求更高。
The second is the complexity and diversity of cross-border knock-offs, which, in addition to traditional knock-offs, are carried out through virtual currency transactions, the violation of the POS machine and the smuggling of exit card transactions, which are more covert and professional, with higher professional requirements for investigative evidence-gathering and examination of evidence.
三是与部分上游犯罪勾连紧密，非法买卖外汇成为助推其他关联犯罪实施的资金通道，涉及资金出境的违法犯罪活动通常需要借助非法买卖外汇实现，对全链条惩治违法犯罪提出了新的要求。
Third, it is closely linked to some of the predicate offences, the illicit trade in foreign currency serves as a financial route to facilitate the commission of other related offences, and criminal activity involving the departure of funds usually involves the illicit sale of foreign currency, with new requirements for the full chain to punish the offence.
资金跨境转移更加隐蔽
Cross-border transfers of funds become more hidden
国家外汇局管理检查司负责人指出，市场参与主体跨境收支应具有真实合法的交易基础，本外币兑换行为须依法依规在银行、个人本外币兑换特许业务经营机构等经批准的场所内进行。
The Head of the Department of Management and Inspection of the National Foreign Exchange Office stated that the cross-border transactions of the participants in the market should have a genuine and legal basis, and that the exchange of this foreign currency must be carried out in authorized premises such as banks, individual licensed institutions for the exchange of this currency, and so forth, in accordance with the law.
但部分不法分子以盈利为目的，通过非法渠道进行本外币兑换，或虚构交易背景以欺骗手段从银行等正规渠道进行资金汇兑，严重扰乱外汇市场秩序，也为各类违法犯罪活动提供了非法资金跨境转移的通道。
However, some of the outlaws, for profit, carry out the exchange of their own foreign currency through illegal channels or fraudulently transfer funds from formal channels, such as banks, in a way that seriously disrupts the order of the foreign exchange market and provides a channel for the cross-border transfer of illegal funds for various types of criminal activity.
该负责人指出，随着金融科技和网络通讯手段发展，当前外汇违法犯罪呈现新的趋势和特点：
The Officer-in-Charge noted that, with the development of financial science and technology and cybercommunications, the current trend in foreign exchange offences is new:
一是资金跨境转移更加隐蔽。地下钱庄非法买卖外汇更多采取跨境“对敲”模式，境内划转人民币，境外划转外汇，境内外资金独立循环，有意逃避监管视线。
is one of the more subtle movements of funds across borders. ’s underground money houses are increasingly resorting to cross-border “tacking” of foreign exchange, internal transfers of renminbi, foreign exchange transfers abroad, independent circulation of funds within and outside the country, and deliberate evasion of surveillance.
二是资金交易更加快速庞杂。银行卡、POS机、网络支付等支付结算工具便捷、高效，不法分子在全国范围内多银行、多层账户间清洗、分散、聚合资金，虚拟货币等新型支付手段更增加了资金划转的隐匿性。
II is a more rapid flow of money transactions. bank cards, Poss machines, Internet payments, etc., are easy and efficient.
三是非法信息发布传播“社交媒体化”。社交网络、直播平台充斥大量信息，境外网站、聊天软件提供私密交流工具，不法分子通过公开和私密联络发布非法资金兑换招揽广告，对接非法交易，被打击封堵后，在极短时间内更换网址卷土重来。
III is the “social mediaization” of illegal information distribution. social networking, live broadcasting platforms are full of information, foreign websites and chat software provide private communication tools, illegal individuals advertise illegal money exchange solicitations through public and private contacts, counter-trading illegal transactions, and, after being blocked, re-entering the site within a very short period of time.
近两年来，国家外汇管理局配合司法机关打击非法经营等外汇违法犯罪案件200余件，行政查处非法买卖外汇、逃汇、骗购外汇等违规案件1100余起，罚没款约15亿元人民币。
Over the past two years, the National Foreign Exchange Administration has cooperated with the judicial authorities in more than 200 cases of illegal foreign exchange offences, including illegal operations, and in more than 1,100 cases of illegal trade in foreign currency, flight, fraudulent purchase of foreign currency, etc., with a fine of about RMB 1.5 billion.
（编辑：陈洁）
(ed. Chen Jie)
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论