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现如今，区块链已经成为一个备受关注的话题，你可能已经听过区块链这个词汇，但你不一定真正了解它。所以本文将用简单的话语带你搞懂区块链的基础知识，我们将从介绍区块链的定义开始，探讨区块链的由来，最后介绍它的六大特性。
Now, the block chain has become a topic of concern, and you may have heard the term block chain, but you do not necessarily know it. So this paper will give you a basic idea of the block chain in simple words, starting with a definition of the block chain, and we will look at the origin of the block chain and end with a description of its six characteristics.
?区块链——一堆透明的箱子连在一起
♪ Block chains -- a bunch of transparent boxes tied together ♪
我们把可以把区块链拆成“区块”跟“链”两部分做解释：
We explain that the chain of blocks can be broken into blocks and chains:
“区块”就好比是透明的保险箱，被记录下来的资料会被放在里面，公开透明，任何人都可以自由查看，却无法随意篡改，这是因为保险箱被用了密码学的方式保护了起来。
The “block” is like a transparent safe, where the recorded information is placed in it, which is open and accessible to anyone but cannot be tampered with at will because it is protected by cryptography.
“链”则是连接各个保险箱的工具，起到了承上启下的作用，让任何人在读取资料时能够顺着区块顺序了解写入资料的时间。
The “chain” is a tool for connecting safes and serves as a trigger for anyone to read the information and understand the time when it is written in the order of the blocks.
在区块链中，帮忙验证区块上的资料和构建区块链的人，我们就叫做“矿工”（miner）或是“节点”（node）。
In the block chain, we are called “miners” or “node” who help verify the information on the block and build the block chain.
?区块链的由来
♪ The origin of the block chain
2008 年，一个名为中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）的人，发表了一篇 9 页的白皮书，主要内容是说他利用了密码学，发明一种“点对点”（Peer-to-Peer）的“去中心化”（decentralization）电子货币系统，叫做比特币（Bitcoin）电子货币系统，而支持这套系统运行的关键，就是区块链技术。
In 2008, a man named Satoshi Nakamoto published a nine-page white paper on the use of cryptography to invent a “decentralization” electronic currency system called Bitcoin, which is the key to supporting its operation, namely, block chain technology.
不过，中本聪当年这篇论文，并没有提到区块链（blockchain）的字眼，那是后人在定性比特币（Bitcoin）是如何实现这套电子货币系统的运作时，所归结出来的一种技术。也就是说实现比特币电子货币系统的技术叫做区块链，比特币是区块链的第一个，也是最有名的应用方式。
However, Nakamoto’s paper of the year did not mention the word blockchain, a technique that the latecomer had come up with when characterizing Bitcoin as how to operate the electronic monetary system. That is, the technology to achieve the Bitcoin electronic monetary system is called the block chain, and Bitcoin is the first and most famous application of the block chain.
?区块链的特性
♪ The characteristics of the chain of blocks
去中心化（Decentralized）
Decentralized
在传统的货币系统中，银行常常扮演着交易过程的“中间人”控制着所有交易记录，也就是说，这是一个以银行为“中心”的货币系统。例如Ａ想在线上转帐100块人民币给Ｂ，那么A就得透过银行这个中间媒介完成这笔交易，而本次的交易记录也保存在银行里。
In traditional monetary systems, banks often act as “intermediators” in the course of transactions, i.e. they are a “central” currency system. For example, A wants to transfer 100 yuan to B online, so A has to do the transaction through the intermediary of the bank, and the record of the transaction is kept in the bank.
而区块链技术让转账不再需要这个中间媒介就能完成，通过“点对点”与“去中心化”架构，完全去除了中间人的角色，改由区块链上的矿工（节点）们来验证与保存交易纪录，同时利用密码学的技术保证交易的真实性。
Block chain technology, on the other hand, allows transfers to be completed without the need for this intermediary, completely removing the role of an intermediary from the “point-to-point” and “decentralized” structures, and shifting to miners (nodes) on the block chain to verify and preserve transaction records, while using cryptographic techniques to guarantee the authenticity of transactions.
区块链技术所带来的革命思想，是建立一种新形态的货币系统，使人与人之间的资金转移不再依赖于中介，资金流变得更自由。透过区块链技术，人们能够创造一个不需建立在信任基础上运作的世界。
The revolutionary idea of block chain technology is to create a new form of monetary system in which money transfers from one person to another are no longer dependent on intermediaries and financial flows become freer. Through block chain technology, people can create a world that does not have to operate on the basis of trust.
不可篡改性（immutable）
在区块链上，任何人都可以你一言我一语地写上字句，画上图案，记录事件，表达想法，区块链上的纪录即使被新的覆盖，旧纪录以及修改过程依然存在。这正是区块链的特质之一：不可篡改性。
On the block chain, anyone can write words in my words, draw patterns, record events, express ideas, record records on the block chain, even if they are newly covered, old records and the process of modification. That is one of the characteristics of the block chain: it cannot be tampered with.
值得注意的是，区块链的记录并非完全不能被“修改”，而是不能“随意篡改”，意思是说区块链纪录被修改的话一定会留下纪录，而且没有任何一个人、一个团队、一个机构可以单方面决定修改数据。要修改必须经过一套投票共识机制，需超过半数以上的区块链用户投票同意才能进行修改。
It is worth noting that the records of the block chain are not entirely unmodified, but cannot be “manifestly altered”, meaning that the records of the block chain must be recorded, and that no one, team, agency can unilaterally decide to change the data. To modify, a consensus mechanism must be adopted, and more than half of the users of the block chain must vote to modify the data.
公开透明（Transparent）
Transparent
区块链的又一特点是公开透明，所有的交易数据都被公开记录在区块链上，任何人都可以查看和验证区块链上的交易。用户可以通过“区块链浏览器”（例如：Blockchain、Tokenview、EtherScan）来查看这些资料。
A further feature of the block chain is that it is open and transparent, and all transaction data are publicly recorded on the block chain, and any person can view and verify the transactions on the block chain. Users can view this information through the Blockchain Browser (e.g. Blockchain, Tokenview, EtherScan).
匿名性（Anonymous）
Anonymous
虽然区块链是公开透明的，但每个参与者可以使用密码学技术保护自己的身份和隐私。参与者使用一组由英文字母和数字随机组成的字符串作为名称，只要不透露这个字符串给别人，别人就无法得知参与者背后的真实身份，保证了身份的匿名性。
While the block chain is open and transparent, each participant can use cryptography to protect his or her identity and privacy. Participants use a set of random strings made up of English letters and numbers as their names. As long as this string is not disclosed to others, no one can know the true identity behind the participants and ensure their anonymity.
共识机制（Consensus）
Consensus Mechanism (Consensus)
区块链就像是一个高度民主化的小型社会，要想让它正常运作，我们就必须建立一套运行在这上面的规则让所有矿工们遵守，以此保证区块链系统的公平与一致性，这就是“共识机制”。
The block chain is like a small society with a high degree of democratization, and if it is to function properly, we must establish a set of rules to be followed by all miners to ensure fairness and consistency in the block chain system, which is the “consensus mechanism”.
目前最广泛的共识机制有比特币采用的工作量证明（Proof of Work, PoW），或是以太坊采用的权益证明（Proof of Stake, PoS），我会在之后的文章仔细分析两者的不同。
The most extensive consensus mechanism at present is the Proof of Work, PoW, or Proof of Stock, PoS, which I will carefully analyse in subsequent articles.
无国界
{\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}Strange {\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}
无论你是什么国籍、种族、性别、年龄、阶级、财富或政治立场，公有区块链无需许可，允许所有人加入。每个人都享有区块链应用的平等权利，没有人被排除在外。这是一个开放的网路，所有用户都可以参与进区块链来进行各种各样的操作。
Regardless of your nationality, race, sex, age, class, wealth or political position, the public block chain does not require permission and is open to all. Everyone has equal rights to the application of the block chain, and no one is excluded.
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