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比特币是一个共识网络，促成了一个全新的支付系统和一种完全数字化的货币。它是第一个去中心化的对等支付网络，由其用户自己掌控而无须中央管理机构或中间人。从用户的角度来看，比特币很像互联网的现金。比特币也可以看作是目前最杰出的三式簿记系统。

Bitcoin is a consensus network, leading to a completely new payment system and a fully digitized currency. It is the first to be decentralized peer-to-peer network, which is owned by its users without the need for a central authority or middleman. From the user's point of view, Bitcoin is much like Internet cash. Bitcoin can also be seen as the most outstanding 3-style bookkeeping system /a>.

在幕后，整个比特币网络共享一个称作“块链”的公共总帐。这份总帐包含了每一笔处理过的交易，使得用户的电脑可以核实每一笔交易的有效性。每一笔交易的真实性由发送地址对应的电子签名保护，这使得用户能够完全掌控从他们自己的比特币地址转出的比特币。另外，任何人都可以利用专门硬件的计算能力来处理交易并为此获得比特币奖励。这一服务经常被称作“挖矿”。你可以查阅专用页面 和 原始论文来了解更多有关比特币的信息。

Behind the scenes, the entire Bitcoin network shares a public ledger called the “block chain.” This ledger contains every processed transaction, allowing the user's computer to verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by the electronic signature corresponding to the sending address, which allows the user to have complete control over the bitcoin transferred from their own bitcoin address. In addition, anyone can use specialized hardware to process the transaction and obtain a bitcoin reward for it. This service is often referred to as “mining”. You can look at and for more information about the bitcoin.

• 作为商品或服务的支付方式。
• 在一个比特币交易所购买比特币。
• 和你附近的人兑换比特币。
• 通过具有竞争力的挖矿赚取比特币。

尽管可能有人愿意让对方以信用卡或PayPal支付的方式购买自己的比特币，大部分的交易平台是不接受来自这些支付方式的资金的。这是为了防止某些情况下有人用PayPal购买比特币，然后在交易到一半的时候撤销。这通常被称作退单。

Although there may be a willingness to allow the other party to purchase its own bitcoin by credit cards or PayPal payments, most trading platforms do not accept funds from these means of payment. This is to prevent in some cases people from buying bitcoins with PayPal and then withdrawing them at half the time of the transaction. This is commonly referred to as a refund.

是的，越来越多的企业和个人在使用比特币。这既包括像饭店，公寓和律师事务所那样的传统企业，也包括像Namecheap，Overstock.com，和Reddit 这样的流行在线服务。虽然比特币仍然是一个相对较新的现象，但它发展迅速。2013年8月底，流通中的比特币总值超过了15亿美元，每天都有价值数百万美元的比特币在进行兑换。

Yes, circulation worth bitcoin of more than $1.5 billion, with millions of dollars worth of bitcoin being exchanged every day.

相比借记卡或信用卡购物，比特币付款更加容易，无需一个商家账户就可以接收比特币付款。在你的电脑或智能手机上的钱包应用程序中，输入收款人的比特币地址和付款金额，按发送键即可完成付款。为了更方便地输入收款人地址，很多钱包可以通过二维码扫描或者NFC技术触碰两部手机获得地址。

In a wallet application on your computer or smart phone, the payee’s Bitcoin address and payment amount are entered, and the payment can be made by pressing the sender key. In order to enter the payee’s address more easily, many wallets can be scanned by a two-dimensional code or two mobile phones can be accessed by NFC technology contact.

• 支付自由 - 无论何时何地都可以即时支付和接收任何数额的资金。无银行假日，无国界，无强加限制。比特币允许其用户完全控制他们的资金。
• 自己选择手续费 - 目前对比特币支付的处理不收取手续费或者仅收取极少的手续费。用户可以把手续费包含在交易中来鼓励更快的交易确认，更快收到由网络发来的交易确认。另外，也有商家处理器协助商家处理交易，每天将比特币兑换成法定货币并直接将资金存入商家的银行账户。因为这些服务都基于比特币，所以它们可以提供远低于PayPal或信用卡网络的手续费。
• 降低商家的风险 - 比特币交易是安全，不可撤销的，并且不包含顾客的敏感或个人信息。这避免了由于欺诈或欺诈性退单给商家造成的损失，而且也没有必要遵守PCI标准。在信用卡无法使用或欺诈率高得令人无法接受的地方，商家也可以很容易地扩展新的市场。最终结果是更低的手续费，更大的市场，和更少的行政成本。
• 安全和控制 - 比特币的用户完全控制自己的交易；商家不可能强制收取那些在其它支付方式中可能发生的不该有或不易发现的费用。用比特币付款可以无须在交易中绑定个人信息，这提供了对身份盗用的极大的防范。比特币的用户还可以通过备份和加密保护自己的资金。
• 透明和中立 - 关于比特币资金供给本身的所有信息都存储在区块链中，任何人都可以实时检验和使用。没有个人或组织能控制或操纵比特币协议，因为它的协议在密码学上是安全的。所以我们可以信任比特币是完全中立，透明且可预测的。

• 接受程度 - 仍然有很多人不知道比特币。每天有更多的企业接受比特币，因为他们希望从中受益，但这个列表依然很小，为了从网络效应中获益，仍然需要有更多的企业支持比特币。
• 波动性 - 流通中的比特币总价值和使用比特币的企业数量与他们可能的规模相比仍然非常小。因此，相对较小的事件，交易或业务活动都可以显著地影响其价格。从理论上讲，随着比特币的市场和技术的成熟，这种波动将会减少。这个世界以前从未出现过任何一个新兴货币，所以想象它将如何进展真的非常困难 (同时也令人兴奋)。
• 处于发展阶段 - 比特币软件依然处于beta版本，许多未完成的功能处于积极研发阶段。新的工具，特性和服务正在研发中以使比特币更为安全，为更多大众所使用。其中有一些功能目前还不是每个用户都能使用。大部分比特币业务都是新兴的，尚不提供保险。总体来说，比特币尚处于成熟的过程当中。

比特币技术，包括协议和密码学，有着强大的安全性记录，并且比特币网络也许是世界上最大的分布式计算工程。比特币最常见的薄弱环节是用户失误。存储私钥的比特币钱包文件可能会意外地被删除，丢失或盗取。这跟用电子形式存储的实体现金非常相似。幸运的是，用户可以利用可靠的安全性策略来保护他们的资金，也可以使用提供良好安全性等级以及偷盗或遗失保险服务的供应商。

Bitcoin technology, including protocol and cryptography, has a strong security record, and the Bitcoin network is perhaps the world's largest distributed computing project. Bitcoin's most common weakness is user error. Bitcoin wallet files that store private keys can be accidentally deleted, lost or stolen. This is very similar to the entity's cash in electronic form. Fortunately, users can use reliable to protect their funds, as well as suppliers that provide good security levels and stolen or lost insurance services.

具我们目前所知，比特币在大部分行政辖区并没有被立法机构界定为非法货币。但是，一些行政辖区(如阿根廷和俄罗斯)严格限制或禁止国外货币。其他行政辖区(如泰国)可能限制颁发某些实体的许可，比如比特币交易平台。

As far as we know, bitcoin is not defined by the legislature as an illegal currency in most administrative jurisdictions . However, some administrative jurisdictions (e.g. Argentina and Russia) severely restrict or prohibit foreign currency. Other administrative jurisdictions (e.g. Thailand) may restrict the granting of licences to certain entities, such as the Bitcoin trading platform.

来自不同行政管辖区的监管机构正在采取措施，就如何将这项新技术与正规的，受监管的金融体系结合在一起，为个人和企业提供一些规则。例如，美国财政部的金融犯罪执法网络(FinCEN)，就如何描述涉及虚拟货币的某些活动，发布了非约束性的指导。

Regulators from different administrative jurisdictions are taking steps to provide individuals and businesses with rules on how to combine this new technology with a formal, regulated financial system. For example, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN) of the United States Department of the Treasury has issued non-binding guidance on how to describe certain activities involving virtual currencies.

• Virtual Currency Schemes - European Central Bank
• Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies

比特币不是法定货币，在任何行政管辖区都没有法定货币的地位，但无论使用的是什么介质，往往都要承担纳税义务。在许多不同的行政管辖区，对于由比特币产生的收入、销售所得、工资、资本收益、或一些其他形式的纳税义务都有各种各样的法律法规。

Bitcoin is not a legal currency and has no legal currency status in any administrative jurisdiction, but it is often taxed regardless of the medium used. In many different administrative jurisdictions, there are a variety of laws and regulations governing the income generated by bitcoin, the proceeds of sale, wages, capital gains, or some other form of tax liability.

比特币是货币，而货币的使用一直以来都有合法和非法的目的。在被金融犯罪利用的程度上，现金，信用卡和目前的银行系统是远远胜过比特币的。比特币能够带来支付系统的重大革新，这些革新所带来的裨益被认为是远远超过其潜在弊端的。

Bitcoin is the currency, and its use has always been a legitimate and illegal purpose. To the extent that it is used for financial crimes, cash, credit cards, and the current banking system are far more than bitcoin.

比特币的设计是提高货币安全性的巨大进步，也是针对许多金融犯罪形式的重要保护机制。例如，比特币完全不可能被仿造。用户完全掌控他们的支付交易，不会像信用卡诈骗那样收到未核实的费用。比特币交易是不可撤销的，避免了诈骗性退单。通过非常强大且有用的机制，比如备份，加密和多重签名，比特币可以保护资金免于盗取和遗失。

Bitcoin is designed to be a great advance in improving monetary security and an important protection mechanism for many forms of financial crime. For example, bitcoin is simply not likely to be copied. Users have complete control over their payment transactions and do not receive unverified fees like credit card fraud. Bitcoin transactions are irrevocable, avoiding fraudulent refunds.

一些人担忧比特币对于罪犯可能更具吸引力，因为它可以用来进行私下的和不可撤销的付款。然而，这些功能早已存在于完善的被广泛应用的现金和电汇中。比特币的使用无疑将受制于已经在现有金融体系内发挥作用的类似规定，而且它也不太可能防碍犯罪调查的进行。一般来说，当一些重要突破没有被熟知之前，存在争议是很常见的。其中，互联网就是一个很好的例子可以说明这种情况。

Some worry that bitcoin may be more attractive to criminals because it can be used to make private and irrevocable payments. However, these functions already exist in well-established and widely used cash and wire transfers.

价格的快速上涨并不会构成泡沫。人为的高估将会导致一个突然向下的修正，才会构成泡沫。基于成千上万的市场参与者个体行为的选择导致比特币价格的波动是市场决定价格的结果。从情感上说，价格变动的原因包括：对比特币失去信心，不是基于比特币经济的基本面的价格和价值之间的巨大差异，越来越多的刺激投机性需求的新闻报道，对不确定性的恐惧，以及过时的非理性的繁荣和贪婪。

An artificial overvaluation would result in a sudden downward revision that would create a bubble. The price fluctuations that result from the individual behavior of thousands of market participants are the result of price-fixing by the market. Emotionally, price movements are due to loss of confidence, not the huge difference between prices and values based on the fundamentals of the Bitcoin economy, increasing press coverage that stimulates speculative demand, fear of uncertainty, and outmoded irrational prosperity and greed.

比特币具有价值是因为它作为货币形式的一种是有用的。比特币具有货币的数学特性(持久性，可携带性，可互换性，稀缺性，可分割性和易识别性)而非依赖于物理特性(比如黄金和白银)或中央权力机构的信任(比如法定货币)。简而言之，比特币是由数学支持的。有了这些特性，一种货币形式要具有价值所需要的就是信任和使用。对比特币而言，这可以从它日益增长的用户，商家和初创企业基数上得到体现。同所有货币一样，比特币的价值直接来自于愿意接受它作为支付方式的人们，这也是唯一的来源。

Bitcoin has value because it is useful as a monetary form. Bitcoin has the mathematical characteristics of money (persistency, portability, interoperability, scarcity, segregability and easy to identify) rather than relying on physical characteristics (e.g. gold and silver) or on the trust of central authorities (e.g. legal currency). In short, bitcoin is supported by mathematics. With these characteristics, trust and use are what a monetary form needs to be worth.

庞氏骗局是一种诈骗性的投资运作，它是利用投资者自己的钱作为回报支付给投资者，或者利用新投资人的钱支付给老投资者，而非通过公司本身经营所赚的钱作为回报。当没有足够的新投资人加入便导致庞氏骗局瓦解，最后的投资人便会蒙受损失。

The Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that uses investors’ own money to pay back to investors, or new investors’ money to pay back to old investors, rather than the money earned through the company’s own operations. When there are not enough new investors to join, the Ponzi scheme breaks down, and the last investor loses.

比特币是一个无中央管理机构的自由软件项目，因此，没有人能够对投资回报做虚假的陈述。就像其他主要货币，如黄金、美元、欧元、日元等，比特币不能保证购买力并且汇率是自由浮动的。由此导致的波动性使得比特币持有者无法预测获利或损失。事实是，由于其有用的和有竞争力的特性，比特币正在为成千上万的用户和企业所使用。

Bitcoin is a free software project without a central administration, so no one can make a false statement about the return on investment. Like other major currencies, such as gold, the United States dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen, bitcoins do not guarantee purchasing power and exchange rates are free to float.

比特币是第一个实现了“隐秘货币”概念的货币。1998年，Wei Dai在cypherpunks邮件列表中首次阐述了“隐秘货币”的概念，即：一个采用密码学原理控制货币的发行和交易、而不是依赖于中央管理机构的全新的货币形态。2009年，中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto 化名）在cryptography邮件列表中发表了第一个比特币规范及其概念证明。2010年年底，中本聪离开该项目，关于他的身份没有透露太多。此后，众多开发人员致力于比特币的项目，比特币社区迅速成长起来。

Bitcoin was the first currency to achieve the concept of “hidden currency” in 1998. In 1998, Wei Dai first elaborated the concept of “hidden currency” in the cypherpunks mailing list, i.e., a new currency shape that uses cryptography to control the issuance and transaction of money, rather than relying on the central administration. In 2009, Middle Ben was published in the Cryptography mailing list, the first bitcoin code and the proof of its concept. At the end of 2010, he left the project without much disclosure of his identity. After that, a large number of developers were working on the Bitcoin project.

中本聪的匿名身份经常会引起毫无根据的忧虑，其中很多是与比特币开放源代码特性的误解有关。比特币的协议和软件都是公开发布的，世界各地的任何开发人员都可以查看其代码，或者开发他们自己修改过的比特币软件版本。就像目前的开发人员，中本聪的影响仅仅局限于那些他做出的被其他人采纳的改动，因此，中本聪并没有控制比特币。那么，在今天，关于比特币的发明者的身份问题可能和纸张发明者的身份问题一样。

His anonymous identity often gives rise to unfounded concerns, many of which are related to misperceptions about the open-source identity of Bitcoin. Bitcoin agreements and software are publicly available, and any developer around the world can view the code or develop a version of the Bitcoin software that they themselves have modified. Like the current developer, the influence of the mediumbone is limited to changes he has made that have been adopted by others, so that he does not control bitcoins.

会。历史上有很多不成功而不再使用的货币，比如魏玛共和国时期的 德国马克以及更近的 津巴布韦元。虽然以前的货币失败通常是由于在比特币上不可能发生的超通货膨胀，但是总会有潜在的技术失误，竞争货币和政治问题等。基本的经验就是，没有一种货币可以被认为是绝对安全，不会出现失败或困难时期的。比特币自诞生起几年中被证明是可靠的，而且比特币继续成长的潜力很大。但是，没有人能够预测比特币的未来会怎样。

There are many unsuccessful currencies that have not been used in history, such as . While previous currency failures were usually due to hyperinflation that could not have occurred in Bitcoin, there was always a potential technical error, a competition for money and politics.

比特币和人们每天使用的信用卡和网上银行网络一样是虚拟的。比特币和其它任何形式的货币一样可以用来在网上或者实体商店支付。比特币也可以兑换成实体货币比如Denarium 币，但是手机支付通常更加方便。比特币余额存储在一个大型分布式网络中，任何人都无法恶意修改。换句话说，比特币用户对他们的资金拥有唯一的控制权，比特币不会因为其虚拟性而消失。

Bitcoin is as virtual as a daily credit card and online banking network. Bitcoin, like any other form of currency, can be used to pay online or in real shops. Bitcoin can also be converted into real currency, such as Denarium coin, but mobile phone payments are usually easier. Bitcoin balances are stored in a large distributed network, and no one can change them maliciously. In other words, Bitcoin users have sole control over their funds, and Bitcoin will not disappear because of its virtuality.

关于比特币的大部分信任来自于一个事实：它根本不需要任何信任。比特币是完全开源和去中心化的，这意味着任何人在任何时间都可以查看整个源代码。所以世界上的任何一个开发人员都可以精确验证比特币的工作原理。任何人都可以实时地一目了然地查询现存的所有的比特币交易和已发行的比特币。所有的付款不依赖于第三方，整个系统由大量专家审查过的密码学算法保护，比如那些用于网上银行的算法。没有组织或个人可以控制比特币，而且即使并非所有的用户都值得信任，比特币网络仍然是安全的。

Most of the trust in bitcoin comes from the fact that it does not need any trust at all. Bitcoin is completely open and decentralized, which means that anyone can view the whole source code at any time. So any developer in the world can accurately verify the workings of bitcoin. Anyone can look into all of the existing bitcoin transactions and issued bitcoins in real time. All payments are not dependent on third parties, and the system is protected by cryptological algorithms reviewed by a large number of experts, such as those used in online banks. No organization or individual can control bitcoins, and even if not all users are trusted, the bitcoins network is still secure.

和其他任何货币一样，比特币的设计允许其用户在一个可接受的隐私程度支付和接收付款。但是比特币不是匿名的，所以无法提供和现金一样的隐私程度。使用比特币会留下许多公共记录。有多种机制可以用来保护用户的隐私，还有更多正在开发中。然而，在大部分比特币用户正确使用这些功能前还有功夫要投入。

As in any other currency, bitcoin is designed to allow its users to pay and receive payments at an acceptable level of privacy. But bitcoin is not anonymous, so it cannot provide the same degree of privacy as cash. The use of bitcoin leaves a lot of public records. There are that can be used to protect the privacy of users and more are being developed.