数字化和虚拟化，是人类社会的大势所趋。区块链技术已被普遍认为是下一代互联网技术的核心，它为元宇宙的经济系统提供保障，加快元宇宙世界的构建，实现现实世界与虚拟世界的经济互通。
The digitalization and virtualization of
而基于区块链的NFT，是通往元宇宙的必经之路。
The NFT, which is based on the block chain, is an essential route to the meta-cosmos.
那么，什么是NFT？本文针对人们当下对NFT的种种困惑，进行“概念+技术”的系统化扫盲。
So, what's a NFT? This paper addresses the current confusion about NFT and provides a systematic “concept + technology” literacy.
一、NFT是什么？
strang I, NFT?
NFT英文全称为Non-Fungible Token，意思是“非同质化代币”，是一种特殊的数字资产。它的概念是相对于可互换的代币而言的。
NFT in English is called Non-Fungible Token, meaning “unhomogenous tokens”, a special digital asset. Its concept is relative to interchangeable tokens.
首先介绍代币。代币是一种特殊的数字加密货币。不同于比特币等原生币，它依附于现有的区块链，使用智能合约来进行账本的记录。
The token is a special digital cryptographic currency. Not , like Bitcoin, it is attached to the existing chain of blocks
代币可分为同质化和非同质化两种。
同质化代币，即FT（Fungible Token），互相可以替代、可接近无限拆分的token。
homogenized tokens, i.e. the Fungible Token, which can be replaced by one another and can be close to an infinite split totoken.
例如，你手里有一个比特币与我手里的一个比特币，本质上没有任何区别，这就是同质化，就是同质化币。
For example, you have a bitcoin in your hand and a bitcoin in my hand, which is essentially no different from homogenization or homogenization.
而非同质化代币，即NFT，则是唯一的、不可拆分的token，如加密猫、token化的数字门票等，相当于带有编号的人民币。这个世界上不会有两张编号一样的人民币，也不会有两个完全一样的NFT。
instead of homogenous tokens, i.e. NFT, is the only, unbroken token, i.e. encryption cat, tokenized digital entrance tickets, etc., equivalent to a numbered renminbi. There will be no two numbered renminbis in this world, nor will there be two identical NFTs.
简言之，NFT与同质化代币（如比特币、以太坊）的区别主要有两点：
In short, the difference between NFT and homogenous tokens (e.g. Bitcoin, Etheria) is essentially two: .
第一，每一个NFT都拥有独特且唯一的标识，不可两两互换，但是常见的其他代币（比特币、以太坊等）都是同质化的，即每个代币之间没有任何区别，可以互换。
First, each NFT has a unique and unique identifier, which cannot be exchanged between the two, but the common other tokens (bitcoin, Etheria, etc.) are homogenous, i.e. there is no difference between each.
第二，由于每个NFT的非同质化以及唯一性，因此NFT也是不可分割的，它的最小单位是1，它不能像其他的常见代币一样，如 BTC ，可以分为 0.01BTC，它是作为整体的存在。
Second, because of the non-homogeneity and uniqueness of each NFT, NFT is also indivisible, and its smallest unit is 1, and it cannot be divided into 0.01 BTC, which exists as a whole, like other common tokens, such as BTC.
NFT的非同质化、不可拆分性，也就使得它可以和现实世界中的一些商品绑定。换言之，其实就是发行在区块链上的数字资产，这个资产可以是游戏道具、数字艺术品、门票等，并且具有唯一性和不可复制性。
NFT is non-homogenous and inseparable, which makes it possible to bind to some goods in the real world. In other words, it is a digital asset distributed on the block chain that can be played props, digital works of art, tickets, etc., and that is unique and non-repelicable.
由于NFT具备天然的收藏属性和便于交易性，加密艺术家们可以利用NFT创造出独一无二的数字艺术品。
Because NFTs have natural collection properties and are easily tradable, encryption artists can use NFTs to create unique digital art.
二、NFT为什么可以卖这么贵？
strong> ii, why can NFT be so expensive?
2021 年 3 月，全球超过 2000 万访客围观了一场由佳士得举办的线上数字艺术品竞拍，拍品是一幅巨型拼贴作品，由数字艺术家 Beeple 自 2007 年5月以来每天创作的 5000 张数字图片按时序粗略排列拼凑而成，名为《Everydays：The First 5000 Days》。
In March of 2021, more than 2,000 visitors from all over the world watched a competition for digital art on-line, organized by Jiast, by a giant collage by digital artists, made up of 5,000 digital pictures produced daily since May 2007 in a cursory order called Everydays: The First 5000 Days.
Beeple 的作品《Everydays：The First 5000 Days》| 图源：佳士得官网
Beeple's: Everydays: The First 5000 Days.
这幅拍品从 100 美元起拍，上架后一个小时内价格攀升至 100 万美元，历时 15 天，经过 353 口叫价，最终以近 7000 万美元成交落锤。
The film was taken from $100, and the price climbed to $1 million within an hour after the top shelf, 15 days, after 353 calls, and ended up with a hammer of nearly $70 million.
去年，NBA勇士队的球星斯蒂芬·库里（Stephen Curry）新换了一张猴子头像。据报道，这个头像的价值约为18万美元。随后，库里在NFT社群中发布了一张模仿该头像造型的自拍，赤裸裸地“炫富”了一把。
Last year, Stephen Curry, the NBA warrior's star, changed the monkey's head. It was reported to be worth about $180,000. Then Curi published a self-styled picture of the image in the NFT community.
当拍卖与交易看起来更像是一场行为艺术，你是否也会有这样的疑惑——NFT为什么可以卖这么贵？
When auctions and transactions look more like behavioral art, would you have the same doubts -- why would NFT sell so expensive?
想要弄清这个问题，我们得从NFT的特性谈起。
If we want to figure this out, we have to start with the nature of NFT.
上文我们谈到了NFT的唯一性与不可拆分性，这些特性使得NFT在艺术领域变成了一种所有权凭证——简单来说就是通过NFT可以给各种东西盖上“印章”，有了这个“印章”全世界都知道这东西是你的，并且不可被擦除，永久记录。
We discussed above the uniqueness and indivisibility of NFTs, which turned NFT into a document of title in the field of art — simply, the “print” that can be stamped on a variety of things through NFT, with which the whole world knows that this is yours and that it cannot be erased, permanently recorded.
而在 NFT 出现之前，普通的数字作品常因复制成本低、不易溯源而难以认定价值。NFT 的出现代表一种价值载体的进化，构成一种新的资产形式。它摆脱了实体限制，可以与任何内容进行绑定，将内容「货币化」，上链后形成一串哈希值。
买家购买的 NFT 艺术品，并非一幅可批量生产或任意下载的图片，而是这串哈希值编码——图片的权属凭证。
The NFT works of art purchased by the buyer are not a picture that can be produced in bulk or downloaded at will, but a certificate of ownership of the picture.
因此，NFT 艺术品交易的底层逻辑、购买行为背后的推动力在于其物权属性的变更——买下一个 NFT 艺术品后，可以公开证明它属于你，可以交易。
So the bottom logic of the NFT trade, the driving force behind the buying act, is a change in its property attributes - when you buy the next NFT work, you can publicly prove that it belongs to you and can be traded.
当然，也可以炫耀——普通人能免费下载一幅数字画作，或将加密朋克设为自己的头像，但他们只有使用权，没有所有权。
但是，仅仅是物权属性变更这一点，似乎也难以解释“天价”购买行为存在的合理性，我们认为，“天价”的背后，实际上更多依托于现实物品的稀有性。 NFT可以与现实世界中的一些商品绑定，成为它们在区块链上的映射。 NFT can be tied to some of the goods in the real world and become a map of their block chains. 打个比方，一个叫冷军的作家画了一幅画，有人在现实世界中买下这幅画，并把它NFT化了，这相当于给这幅画拍了一个高清照片电子版本，然后他们把原本的画烧掉——这就相当于他们把原始的画搬到了链上，成为了这个画在区块链上的映射。所以是这个现实物品是什么才决定了它怎么定价，这取决于这个现实物品的稀有性。 由此，“天价”背后的逻辑似乎也有迹可循了。不过，圈内也存在着另外一种较为普遍的观点——NFT作品高价的背后其实是一个局。 The logic behind the word "sky price" seems to follow. But there's another, more general view in the circle, that the higher price of NFT works is actually behind a board. 因为NFT的不可替代性，所以只有这么一款产品，并没有一个真正的市场价格作为参考，那极高的定价实际上便没有多大意义。 Because NFT is not an alternative, there is only one product without a real market price as a reference, and that very high price actually makes little sense. 很多人推测，内部的真相是出售作品的团队自己“左手倒右手”，先定出一个极高的价格，再自己买回去，付了28%的定金，是他们所付出的成本。 A lot of people in 接着再发售代币，收获大量的现实货币，这是他们的收益。 then sells the tokens and harvests a large amount of real currency, which is their gain. 至于NFT作品是不是真的值这么高的价钱，因为没有人指导市场价格，谁也给不出结论。因此，很多人认为这实质上这就是炒作出来的一个噱头。 不过，越来越多的 NFT 艺术品交易也表明，一套属于加密世界的艺术审美体系正在逐渐构建起来，但这套审美趣味尚未完全被传统的当代艺术圈所接受。 , however, an increasing number of NFT art deals also show that a system of art aesthetics belonging to the cryptoworld is gradually being built, but it is not yet fully accepted by the traditional contemporary art world. 有人觉得这种风格代表着前卫与通向未来，也有人斥之为「视觉符号垃圾」。现在判定 NFT 创造了一种新的审美模式还为时过早，更多的 是一种新兴文化或审美流派在数字世界中的映射。 It's still too early to decide that NFT has created a new aesthetic model. More of is an emerging cultural or aesthetic mapping in the digital world. /span> 加密朋克头像 CryptoPunks | 图源：larvalabs Encrypted Punk Header CryptoPunksFigure: larvalabs 三、NFT还有哪些玩法？ strong> iii, NFT's any other game? 在2021年“元宇宙元年”，NFT的用户井喷式增长，除了普通用户，明星、艺术家、收藏家也纷纷涌入，歌曲、影视、品牌、人物版权也开始NFT化。 In 2021, the Won-Cosmos Year, NFT user blow-out growth, with the influx of stars, artists, collectors, songs, videos, brands, character copyrights, in addition to ordinary users. 2021年12月17日，阿迪达斯（Adidas）正式推出了一系列“走入元宇宙”的NFT，并于发售后数小时内就卖出了将近 3 万个。 On December 17, 2021, Adidas officially launched a series of NFTs “Into the metaspace” and sold nearly 30,000 within hours of their sale. 其实，NFT的意义不仅仅在于币，但是因为币圈就是需要币，你的voting power有多少，是基于你持有多少币。而NFT刚好和币可以结合，时间点也是刚好在一起出现。 Actually, NFT is not just about the currency, but because the ring is about the currency, how much your volting power is based on how much you hold it. And the NFT is right in combination with the currency, and the point of time is right together. 至于NFT能为世界带来什么，我们认为能带来的东西很多，比如所谓的元宇宙（metaverse），即将现实中的一些事情对应到虚拟世界适用，以证明其存在性。虽然时至今日，元宇宙仍然是一个未成熟的概念，我们依然认为它是一个大势所趋。 As for what NFT can bring to the world, we believe that there are many things that we can bring, such as the so-called metaverse, to match something in reality with the virtual world to prove its existence. While the metacosystem is still an immature concept today, we still think it is a trend. 在商业上来看，“NFT艺术”存在着无限可能，许多“小艺术家”通过NFT崭露头角，有的甚至一夜暴富。各类平台蒸蒸日上，交易总额也在不断扩大。 In commercial terms, there is an infinite possibility of “NFT art” and many “small artists” emerge through NFT, some of whom are rich overnight. NFT作为数字世界的虚拟个人资产，在未来带给玩家的究竟是机遇，还是深渊；是稳定的交易市场，还是昙花一现的经济泡沫；是大笔巨额收入，还是一串无意义的代码......我们不得而知，但毫无疑问的是，NFT正凭借其最新的科技，变革着人类的生活。 As a virtual personal asset in the digital world, whether it is an opportunity or a abyss for players in the future; whether it is a stable trading market or an economic bubble; whether it is a huge income or a string of meaningless codes... We do not know, but there is no doubt that the NFT is transforming human life with its latest technology. 文章来源于：DateWonder Source: DateWonder. LCOUNCIL 2021年度总结 Summary 2021 重点 培训 training 活动 event recommends returning to search for more fox 责任编辑：
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