比特币基于区块链技术。比特币的区块链网络每十分钟就产生一个区块。这个区块的内容就是在之前的区块的内容之上加上过去十分钟整个区块链网络的全部交易。完成这个工作被称为打包。完成这个工作的人被称为矿工，这个工作的过程被称为了“挖矿”。那么打包有什么好处呢?获得打包权并且完成打包之后，这个矿工就会获得12.5个比特币(比特币的数量会慢慢递减的)。按照现在的比特币价格，每十分钟就有人获得12.5w美元的呢，获利丰厚。
Bitcoin is based on block chain technology. Bitcoin’s block chain network produces a block every 10 minutes. This block is about adding the contents of the previous block to all the transactions of the entire block chain network over the past 10 minutes. The job is called packing. The person who completes it is called miner. The process is called mining. So what's the benefit of packing? When you get the right to pack and complete the package, the miner gets 12.5 bitcoins.
“挖矿”的实质就是争夺打包权
The essence of "mining" is to fight for the right to pack.
矿工不止一个，到底怎么决定给那个矿工呢?中本聪在设计比特币的区块链网络中，使用一种方法叫工作量证明(Proof Of Work，简称POW)来决定“打包权”。
How do you decide to give that miner more than one? In designing the block chain network of Bitcoin, Nakaki uses a method called the Workload Certificate (Proof Of Work, or POW) to determine “the right to pack”.
工作量证明，简单理解就是一份证明，用来确认你做过一定量的工作。监测工作的整个过程通常是极为低效的，而通过对工作的结果进行认证来证明完成了相应的工作量，则是一种非常高效的方式。
A simple understanding is proof that you have done a certain amount of work. The entire process of monitoring is often extremely inefficient, and certification of the results of the work is a very efficient way to prove that the corresponding workload has been accomplished.
举一个例子，我们去往企业进行应聘的时候，那么招聘方就会要求我们亮出相应的证据：毕业证、学位证、作品等。这些证据都有有一个特点，那就是招聘方很容易验证的，但是你需要付出大量的努力才能获取这种技能和证书。这就是工作量证明的一个简单的例子。
By way of example, when we go to a firm for recruitment, the recruiter will ask us to show the evidence: diplomas, diplomas, works, etc.. All of this evidence is characterized by the fact that the recruiter can easily prove it, but you need a lot of effort to acquire that skill and certification. This is a simple example of workload proof.
争夺比特币打包权的需要拿出一个哈希码。这个哈希码运算最好的方法就是穷举法。最快获得这个哈希码的矿工就获得打包权。
The best way to do this is to do it. The quickest miners are given the right to pack.
不同于Folding@home分布式蛋白质折叠计算，它真真实实地在为科学做贡献，为科学家了解蛋白质长肽如何折叠提供了素材。而比特币为首的这种挖矿其实它们挖得是虚无，在做无用的计算，但是比特币产出规则又决定了它必须要有一定量的运算才会有比特币产出奖励。
Unlike the Folding @home distributed protein folding calculations, it really contributes to science, providing scientists with the material to understand how protein peptide folds. This kind of mining, headed by Bitcoin, is in fact nothing, doing useless calculations, but the Bitcoin output rule determines that it must have a quantitative amount to be rewarded with bitcoin output.
比特币中的挖矿过程可以比如成记账，比特币的运算采用了一种称为“工作量证明(Proof of Work，PoW)”的机制，系统为了找出谁有更强大的计算能力，每次会出一道数学题，只有最快解出这道题目的计算机才能进行记账。而抢到记账权的计算机会获得25个比特币的奖励。通常把这个行为称为“挖矿”，把获得的比特币视为挖矿成功获得的奖励。
The process of mining in bitcoin can be recorded, for example, and bitcoin's operation uses a mechanism called Proof of Work, PoW, where the system, in order to find out who has a stronger computing ability, has a mathematical question, and only the computer that most quickly solves the subject can account for it. Computers that steal the right to account receive 25 bitcoins. This behaviour is commonly referred to as “mining”, and the bitcoin obtained is regarded as a reward for success in mining.
通俗来讲，这是一个全民参与记账的方式。你可以把数据库看成是就是一个大账本，在区块链系统中，系统中的每个人都可以有机会参与记账。在一定时间段内如果有任何数据变化，系统中每个人都可以来进行记账，系统会评判这段时间内记账最快最好的人，把他记录的内容写到账本，并将这段时间内账本内容发给系统内所有的其他人进行备份，这样系统中的每个人都有一本完整的账本。
In general, this is a way to record accounts with popular participation. You can see the database as a big book, and in block-chain systems, everyone in the system has the opportunity to be involved. If there is any change in data, everyone in the system can be in charge for a certain period of time, and the system will judge the fastest and best person in the period of time, write the contents of his records into the books, and send them back up to all the rest of the system, so that everyone in the system has a full account.
比特币的背后是一个公共账本，这个账本每十分钟需要重新记录一遍，而成功记账者会获得一定数量比特币的奖励。在比特币诞生之初，这个奖励是50个比特币，这一数字大约每4年减半，目前比特币的增长速度是每10分钟12.5个比特币。按现在比特币的市价，这个奖励价值12.5个*1.2万美元*6.54人民币/美元=100万人民币。可想而知，谁不想去记这个账呢?毕竟成功记账可以获得一百万的奖励呢。那怎么决定谁来记账呢?答案就是挖矿。谁先挖出来归谁。
Behind Bitcoin is a public account, which needs to be rerecorded every 10 minutes, and successful bookkeepers get a certain amount of bitcoin. At the beginning of Bitcoin, the reward was 50 bitcoins, which are about halved every four years, and now bitcoins grow by 12.5 bitcoins every 10 minutes. At the current market price of Bitcoin, the reward is 12.5 yuan*$1.25.
为什么要让大家争夺记账权呢?
Why do you want people to compete for the right to account?
在具体解释记账权怎么争夺之前，我想先稍微解释一下为什么需要存在一个记账权的争夺。从比特币设计上来说，因为账本需要常常更新，所以要有人记账。但是不发工资又怎么会有人给你记账呢?所以比特币就设置了奖励机制，给成功记账者一定量的比特币奖励。既然有奖励，就会有人争夺奖励咯。
I would like to explain a little bit why there is a need for a right to account. From the bitcoin design, because the book needs to be updated often, someone has to. But how can someone keep it for you without paying? So Bitcoin has an incentive to give the successful bookkeeper a certain amount of bitcoin.
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