美國國土安全部近日凍結了全球最大的比特幣交易所Mt.Gox的兩個賬戶。這意味著美國乃至全球監管機構對比特幣這種虛擬貨幣的監管邁出了實質性的一步。
The US Department of Homeland Security has frozen two accounts of Mt.Gox, the world’s largest Bitcoin exchange in recent days. This means that US and even global surveillance agencies have taken a qualitative step in monitoring virtual currency such as Bitcoins.
比特幣從本質上說並非一種貨幣，它是網民可以自由參與創造、交易和兌換的一種網絡數據或信息。比特幣原則上有兩套系統。一套是比特幣生產系統，網絡達人將比特幣的生產過程稱為“挖礦”﹔另一套系統是比特幣的交易和兌換系統，也就是各種各樣的比特幣交易和兌換網站，可以將比特幣兌換為真實世界裡的各種貨幣如美元、歐元或人民幣等。比特幣的生成系統是一個分散的密碼計算網絡，沒有任何監管，誰都可以參與“生產”或“挖礦”。
Bitcoin is not essentially a currency; it is a network data or information that Internet users can freely participate in creating, trading and converting. There are two systems for bitcoins. One is a Bitcoins system, where Internet users refer to the production of bitcoins as “mining mining”; the other is a bitcoins trading and exchange system, i.e. all kinds of bitcoins trading and exchange sites, which can convert bitcoins into different kinds of currency in the real world, such as dollars, Euros, or people’s coins. Bitcoins is a decentralized cryptographic network, without any oversight, and who can participate in “products” or “mining”.
自比特幣出現以來，從最低價到最高價，最高漲幅曾經超過10萬倍。比特幣的瘋狂上漲和價格劇烈波動，並不意味著人們真的相信它會很快成為一種真正意義上的貨幣。一定程度上說，比特幣確實是一個天才的構想，一個奇特的發明，也是一個了不起的創意，所以，它受到了越來越多人的追捧，這也是其價格急劇飆升的主要動因。但大多數人其實並不了解比特幣的內涵、真實意義和局限性，他們追捧比特幣，主要是為了追求投機利益。而單純從追逐投機收益的角度看，比特幣的風險相當高，政府出手監管或打壓、黑客攻擊和網絡故障、新型網絡貨幣的發明等等，都極有可能導致比特幣價格暴跌。
In a sense, the bitcoin has been a genius, a strange invention and a remarkable idea, so it has been pursued by a growing number of people, and this has been the main driving force behind the sharp rise in prices. But most people do not know the meaning, the real meaning and the limits of the bitcoin, and they pursue the bitcoins, mainly to pursue their investment interests. And simply from the point of view of the return on the investment, the bitcoins are more and more risky than ever, government supervision or repression, hacking and cyber troubles, the emergence of new online currency, and so on, all have the potential to trigger a sharp fall in the price of the bitcoins.
比特幣目前仍然主要是一種網絡交易貨幣，或網絡社會裡的一個投機品種或投機標的物，在實際生活中的運用還很少，大規模使用的可能性幾乎沒有。從購買力或終極價值角度看，比特幣與現代信用貨幣很相似，其價值完全取決於人們的信任度。美元鈔票上寫的“我們以上帝的名義，相信美元的價值”這句話，也完全適合比特幣。鑒於比特幣不是黃金或白銀或任何商品，它事實上就是一串數字或符號，沒有任何還原價值或實用價值，也沒有嚴密的支付清算系統對交易進行保障，因此風險極大。
Bitcoin is still mainly a web-trading currency, or an input species or beacon in the Internet community, which is rarely used in real life, with little possibility of widespread use. From the point of view of purchasing or ultimate value, bitcoins are very similar to modern credit coins, and their value depends entirely on people's trust. The phrase “We believe in the value of the dollar in the name of God” in dollar notes is also well suited to bitcoins. As far as bitcoins are not gold or silver or any commodity, it is actually a string of numbers or symbols, there is no original value or real value, and there is no strict payment system to guarantee transactions, so it is highly risky.
現在，大家津津樂道的比特幣的優點，是其貨幣供應量受到嚴格限制，受到限制的機理就是密碼計算越來越難（“挖礦”或獲得比特幣越來越難）。換成經濟學術語，比特幣的邊際生產力越來越低，據說到2140年，比特幣的邊際生產力會降為零，總量達到最大，即2100萬比特幣。按照目前每個比特幣230美元計算，目前總價值48.3億美元。簡單講，網絡社會的比特幣貨幣體系存在嚴重通縮趨勢，未來不可能對人類經濟生活發揮重大作用。
Now, the advantage of the bitcoins of Zinjindo is that their currency supply is severely limited, and the mechanism for restriction is that password calculations are becoming more difficult (“mining” or getting bitcoins is becoming more difficult.” In economic terms, Bitcoins’ marginal production is becoming less and less powerful, and by 2140, Bitcoins’ marginal production capacity will be zero, at its highest level, 21 million bits. According to the current estimate of $230 per bitcoins, the current value is $4,83 million.
網絡社會最大的特點就是創新層出不窮。人們可以發明一種算法創造比特幣，也可以發明全新的辦法創造其他的網絡貨幣，比特幣並非網絡虛擬貨幣的終結者。從人類經濟體系和貨幣體系演變的內在規律觀察，比特幣尚難成大器。
One of the biggest features of the online community is the creation of a new layer. People can invent an algorithm to create bitcoins, or new ways to create others, and bitcoins are not the end-users of virtual money.
《 人民日報 》（ 2013年05月22日 22 版）
People's Daily (22nd edition, 22 May 2013)
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